AP Human Geography Colonialism/Imperialism

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of ethnicity?

Membership in a group of people who share similar traits or characteristics (correct)

A geographic region under control of another state

Classification of humans based on physical characteristics

Membership in a group sharing legal attachment to a country

What does nationality refer to?

Group of people who share a legal attachment to a country.

What is a ghetto?

A region in which an ethnic minority is forced to live.

Define ethnic enclave.

A place where an ethnic minority is concentrated in a city. Signup and view all the answers

What are ethnic islands?

Places where an ethnic group is concentrated in a rural area. Signup and view all the answers

What does race classify?

Classification of humans based on skin color and other physical characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is social distance?

The measure of how 'distant' two ethnicities are from each other. Signup and view all the answers

Define ethnocentrism.

The belief that one's own ethnic group is superior. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Balkans?

A beautiful geographic region in Eastern Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Yugoslavia?

It broke into 5 countries after the fall of communism in 1989. Signup and view all the answers

What is balkanization?

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. Signup and view all the answers

Define ethnic cleansing.

The process of expelling another ethnic group from a territory. Signup and view all the answers

What is genocide?

The killing of a racial or ethnic group by another group. Signup and view all the answers

What is political geography?

The study of human political organization of the earth. Signup and view all the answers

What is territoriality?

The connection of people, culture, and economic systems to ownership over a defined space. Signup and view all the answers

Define jurisdiction.

The territory over which authority is exercised. Signup and view all the answers

What is sovereignty?

The ability of a political unit to rule over its own affairs. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-determinism?

The right of ethnicities to govern themselves. Signup and view all the answers

Define regionalism.

Loyalty to the interests of a particular region. Signup and view all the answers

What is a state?

An organized area into large political units with defined boundaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nation?

A group of people who share a common cultural heritage. Signup and view all the answers

What is nationalism?

Loyalty and devotion to a nation. Signup and view all the answers

Define nation-state.

A state whose territory corresponds to a single ethnicity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a multinational-state?

A country that contains more than one nation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a multi-state nation?

A nation that transcends the borders of one state. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethnicity and Nationality

Ethnicity involves shared traits such as ancestors, history, territory, and language; often refers to minorities within a larger population.
Nationality refers to a legal connection to a country, exemplified by groups like 'Husker Nation'.

Ghetto and Ethnic Enclave

A ghetto is an area where ethnic minorities are forced to live due to economic, legal, or governmental pressures.
An ethnic enclave is a community concentrated with a specific ethnic group in an urban area, often chosen, such as barrios.

Ethnic Islands and Race

Ethnic islands indicate rural areas where specific ethnic groups maintain strong cultural cohesion, e.g., Amish communities.
Race is defined by physical characteristics like skin color and is biologically determined rather than socially chosen.

Social distance measures how distant different ethnicities are perceived to be, influencing marginalization and discrimination, illustrated by the historical treatment of Jews in the 1930s.
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s own culture is superior to others, which can lead to judgment based on cultural identity.

Balkans and Yugoslavia

The Balkans is a historically rich region in Eastern Europe, previously under Soviet control from 1945 to 1992.
Yugoslavia fragmented into five countries—Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro—following the fall of communism in 1989.

Balkanization and Ethnic Cleansing

Balkanization is the breakdown of states due to ethnic conflicts, exemplified by the violence in Yugoslavia post-communism.
Ethnic cleansing involves expelling a group from a territory, as seen with Slobodan Milosevic's actions against Muslims in Bosnia.

Genocide and Political Geography

Genocide refers to the targeted killing of an ethnic group by another, highlighted by Milosevic's actions against Albanians in Kosovo.
Political geography studies the human political organization of the earth across supranational, state, and local levels.

Territoriality and Jurisdiction

Territoriality connects people and their cultural and economic systems to a defined space, often evoking emotional responses.
Jurisdiction denotes the territory over which authority is exercised.

Sovereignty and Self-Determinism

Sovereignty is the capacity of a state to govern its own affairs, with 195 sovereign states recognized globally, some facing disputed sovereignty.
Self-determinism emphasizes the right of ethnicities to govern themselves, historically significant for the Serbs before WWI.

Regionalism and State Definition

Regionalism refers to loyalty to a specific region's interests, as seen in Quebec's preservation of French heritage.
A state is an organized political unit with defined boundaries, a permanent population, control over its affairs, and recognition by other states.

Nation and Nationalism

A nation comprises people with a common cultural heritage, often sharing language, religion, beliefs, and history; internal differences can exist.
Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to one’s nation, fostering allegiance to states while potentially leading to emotional extremism.

Nation-State and Multinational-State

A nation-state exists when a state’s territory is aligned with a single ethnicity, such as Japan, where 99% of the population is Japanese.
A multinational state contains multiple nations that peacefully coexist, with Russia being an example of a country with over 120 recognized nationalities.

Multi-State Nation

A multi-state nation transcends national borders, highlighting the complexities of ethnic identities across different geopolitical frameworks.

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Explore key terms related to colonialism and imperialism through flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts like ethnicity, nationality, and ghetto. Perfect for students preparing for the AP Human Geography exam.