Colonial America: Jamestown, Reformation & Culture

• Key identification terms include Antinomians, Pueblos, Caravel, Northwest Passage, Roanoke, Jamestown, John Rolfe, Powhatan, Pilgrims, Puritans, Predestination, Congregationalism, Quakers, Joint-Stock Company, Harvard, Yeoman, Nathaniel Bacon, Metacom, Spectral evidence, and Fort Duquesne.

Archaic Cultures

• Notable Archaic cultures include those of the Great Plains/Prairie, Great Basin, Pacific Coast, Southwest, and Eastern Woodland.

European Colonization Factors

• Europeans were motivated to colonize North and South America by the opportunity to profit from raw materials.
• Key raw materials included tobacco, cotton, corn, and indigo.
• Indentured servants played a role in the labor force.

Protestant Reformation Advancement

• Martin Luther and John Calvin advanced the Protestant Reformation.

Early Days of Jamestown

• Colonists were attacked by Powhatan Indians.
• In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America.
• On May 13, they chose Jamestown, Virginia, named after King James I, as their settlement.
• Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America.

Northern vs Southern Colonies

• The Northern colonies focused on industry, opportunities, and manufacturing.
• The Southern colonies were based on agriculture and wealth.

Pilgrims vs Puritans

• Pilgrims journeyed to Holland but left after 10 years due to concerns about their children losing their English culture.
• Pilgrims sought a charter to settle in America but landed near Cape Cod due to navigation issues.
• They faced food shortages and cold weather upon arrival in November.
• Puritans embraced the Calvinist idea of Predestination.
• Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and received a charter in 1629.
• By 1640s, over 16,000 Puritans had migrated to the colony.
• John Winthrop declared the colony a "New Israel."
• Pilgrims were separatists who wanted to separate from the Church of England due to its Catholic elements.
• Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England from within but were forced to borrow money and eventually secured land.

Colonies from Massachusetts Bay Divisions

• Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut developed due to sectional divisions in Massachusetts Bay.

Original Labor System

• Prior to slavery, every family member, including women and children participated in labor.

Colonial Life

• Cooking was done over open fires; lighting came from candles or oil lamps.
• Colonists typically went to bed early and arose near dawn to maximize daylight hours.

Navigation Acts and Staple Act

• Only ships built in England or with 75% English crew could trade in the colonies.
• Goods like tobacco, sugar, cotton, and indigo could only be shipped to an English port.

Bacon's Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon was involved in Bacon's Rebellion resulting in a civil war.
• Bacon's followers fought against Berkeley loyalists.
• Bacon burned the capital after Governor Berkeley fled, but was ultimately chased away.

King Philip's War

• Metacomet, also known as King Philip, led local tribes including the Narragansett to resist colonial encroachment in Massachusetts.
• The war lasted fourteen months, destroyed twelve frontier towns, and resulted in many deaths on both sides.
• Metacomet's supporters faced enslavement or fled to Canada.
• Puritans viewed their victory as a sign of God's favor and spiritual purification.

Dominion of New England

• The Dominion of New England was the merging of British colonies in New England in the 17th century.
• It was created to consolidate control over the administration affairs of the New England colonies.

Salem Witch Trials

• The Salem witch trials began with accusations by Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne.
• Tituba (a Parris' Caribbean slave), Sarah Good (a homeless beggar), and Sarah Osborne (an elderly impoverished woman) were among the first accused.

French and Indian Wars

• The French and Indian Wars settled the conflict between French and British colonists over land.
• King William's War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War, and the French & Indian War/Seven Year's War determined territorial power.
• The French & Indian War/Seven Year's War was the most important.
• The Peace of Paris Treaty ended the French & Indian War.
• Britain gained Canada and all land east of the Mississippi River.
• It officially established British supremacy in North America.

Post-War Tensions

• Colonists and the Crown had differing views on the outcome of the war.
• Colonists desired to expand past the Appalachian Mountains, but Britain forbade it and stationed troops to prevent expansion.
• Colonists were required to quarter soldiers.
• The King and Prime Minister decided to raise taxes on colonists to pay off war debts.

Explore Colonial America: Archaic cultures of the Great Plains, factors driving European colonization like raw materials, and the Protestant Reformation. Learn about Jamestown's early struggles, interactions with Powhatan Indians, and key figures like John Rolfe.