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Questions and Answers
What factors can influence the mode of failure in landslides?
What factors can influence the mode of failure in landslides?
Soil composition and the frequency of rainfall and typhoon occurrence can influence the mode of failure in landslides.
Why are monitoring systems important in areas prone to landslides?
Why are monitoring systems important in areas prone to landslides?
Monitoring systems are important because they closely track slope movement and rainfall, providing vital data for early warning systems.
List two actions individuals can take to prepare for a potential rainfall-induced landslide.
List two actions individuals can take to prepare for a potential rainfall-induced landslide.
Individuals can assess the area using hazard maps and craft a personalized emergency response plan for their families.
What are the two major geological factors considered in predicting rainfall-induced landslides?
What are the two major geological factors considered in predicting rainfall-induced landslides?
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What should individuals be aware of during a landslide to ensure their safety?
What should individuals be aware of during a landslide to ensure their safety?
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How does rainfall act as a magnifier in the context of landslides?
How does rainfall act as a magnifier in the context of landslides?
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What are some identified areas to avoid when constructing buildings to mitigate landslide risks?
What are some identified areas to avoid when constructing buildings to mitigate landslide risks?
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In what way can satellite mapping assist nations in managing landslide risks?
In what way can satellite mapping assist nations in managing landslide risks?
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What is meant by the term 'failure' in the context of landslides?
What is meant by the term 'failure' in the context of landslides?
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What role does human mismanagement play in the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides?
What role does human mismanagement play in the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides?
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What role does carbonic acid play in the formation of sinkholes?
What role does carbonic acid play in the formation of sinkholes?
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Explain the importance of monitoring a sinkhole once it appears.
Explain the importance of monitoring a sinkhole once it appears.
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Describe the ideal ocean temperature required for typhoon formation and its significance.
Describe the ideal ocean temperature required for typhoon formation and its significance.
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What mechanisms support the Convective Theory of typhoon formation?
What mechanisms support the Convective Theory of typhoon formation?
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Identify the two theories that explain typhoon formation and briefly distinguish them.
Identify the two theories that explain typhoon formation and briefly distinguish them.
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What are the two main processes that create sinkholes, and how do they affect land stability?
What are the two main processes that create sinkholes, and how do they affect land stability?
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Why is it important to stay clear of slide areas after a landslide event?
Why is it important to stay clear of slide areas after a landslide event?
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Explain how man-made activities can contribute to the formation of sinkholes.
Explain how man-made activities can contribute to the formation of sinkholes.
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What role does carbonic acid play in the dissolution process related to sinkholes?
What role does carbonic acid play in the dissolution process related to sinkholes?
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How does heavy rainfall specifically affect the likelihood of sinkhole formation?
How does heavy rainfall specifically affect the likelihood of sinkhole formation?
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Study Notes
Cold Weather Safety
- Keep emergency kit, snow shovels, firewood, and warm clothes
- Listen to local radio for weather updates
- Stay indoors, limit travel
- Change wet clothing frequently to prevent heat loss
- Use heaters and ovens safely, maintain proper ventilation
- Go to a designated shelter if power or heat is lost
- Watch for frostbite symptoms (numbness, pale skin) on fingers, toes, ears, and nose
- Protect yourself from frostbite and hypothermia by wearing layers of warm, loose clothing
Geological Hazards
- Geological hazards are adverse conditions causing property or life loss
- Rainfall-induced landslides are dependent on rainfall, slope, and soil factors
- Satellite mapping is helpful for monitoring landslides
- Landslides are multi-factorial: steep slopes, weakened slope materials, weakened rocks, and overloading
- Understanding landslide failure modes (falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, flowing) is crucial.
- Landslide failure modes can vary based on composition and weather patterns.
Mitigation Strategies
- Communities can use maps to prepare for the potential hazards
- Avoidance of construction near steep slopes, drainage paths, or naturally prone areas is crucial
- Know the local hazard maps
- Know the water channels and routes of water drainage
- Create a personal emergency response plan for every family member
- Minimize home hazards (gas, water, and electricity)
- Stay alert and aware
- Be updated with emergency information via LGU channels, phone, or other means
Sinkholes
- Sinkholes occur when land subsides due to processes beneath the ground surface
- Subsidence can occur because of a variety of geological occurrences
- Investigations should include the geographic areas under consideration
- Sinkholes are areas of ground without natural drainage, so when water dissolves surface rock, a sinkhole is formed
- There are 3 types of sinkholes (dissolution, suffusion, cover-collapse, and gradual cover subsidence)
- Sinkholes are caused by a combination of water, carbon dioxide, and human activity
- Suffusion occurs when pre-existing cavities are overburdened by sediments
- Soil composition and the frequency of rainfall and typhoons can impact landslide failure modes
Hydrometeorological Hazards (Typhoons)
- Typhoons are tropical cyclones that cause significant hydrometeorological hazards
- Typhoons form near the equator due to warm air and trade winds
- A large area of warm ocean water with a temperature above 27°C is required for typhoon formation
- 2 formation theories exist (convective and frontal)
- Typhoons go through 4 life stages: Formative, Immature, Mature, and Decaying
- Understanding typhoon formation involves circulation, convergence, and divergence processes
Heat Waves
- Heat waves are excessively hot weather conditions
- Criteria for a heat wave are when the daily maximum temperature exceeds the average maximum by 5°C (9°F) for a sustained time
- There are different symptoms that individuals can experience during a heat wave, some of these include, skin cancer, headaches, dehydration, sunburn, and heat stroke
- Preparation includes installing window air conditioning, using temporary window reflectors, ensuring weather stripping on doors and preventing excessive use of outside heat
- Safety includes monitoring weather conditions, consulting with local healthcare providers if there are any concerns, and being aware of those most susceptible to heat waves
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Description
This quiz covers important safety measures during cold weather and understanding geological hazards such as landslides. Learn how to protect yourself from frostbite and hypothermia, and the factors that contribute to landslides. Stay informed and prepared for adverse conditions!
