Cold Weather and Geological Hazards Safety

A condition in the Earth's structure that can cause harm to people or property.

Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall, often in areas with steep slopes or weak soil.

The angle or steepness of a land surface.

The composition of the soil, which can affect its stability.

Forces within the Earth's crust that can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which can weaken slopes.

Using satellites to observe and analyze land areas, including landslide risk.

Adding excess weight to a slope, which can increase the risk of landslides.

The process by which a slope collapses, including the specific movement and types of material involved.

A type of landslide where rocks or soil detach from a cliff face and fall vertically downwards.

A landslide where rocks or soil rotate forward around a pivot point.

A landslide where a mass of soil or rock moves downslope along a slip surface.

A landslide where soil or rock moves outwards from a central point, widening the failure zone.

A landslide where a mass of soil or rock moves downslope like a viscous fluid.

A system that monitors potential landslide triggers and alerts communities in advance of a possible event.

Factors that can cause a landslide to occur, such as heavy rainfall or earthquakes.

Actions taken to reduce the risk of landslides, such as monitoring slopes and building retaining walls.

A life-threatening condition where the body's temperature control system fails, leading to dangerously high temperatures.

Taking steps to cool down your home and stay safe during periods of extreme heat.

Individuals more susceptible to heat-related illnesses, such as the elderly, children, and those with health conditions.

A weather event characterized by a rapid drop in temperature within a 24-hour period.

Specific temperature drops that define the severity of a cold wave, varying based on the region's typical temperature.

The consequences of extreme cold, such as frozen pipes, increased energy demand, and fire hazards.

Strategies to mitigate the effects of a cold wave, such as dressing warmly and layering clothing.

Recommendations to stay safe during a cold wave, covering preparation, actions during the event, and general safety measures.

Carbonic acid, formed from carbon dioxide and water, dissolves rocks and contributes to sinkhole formation.

Sinkholes occur when soluble rocks like limestone are dissolved by acidic groundwater, creating cavities that eventually collapse.

Typhoons typically form near the equator due to warm ocean temperatures and trade winds.

A warm ocean with temperatures exceeding 27°C provides the energy for typhoon development.

Moist, unstable air rises due to convection, creating a low pressure area that draws in surrounding air, leading to cyclonic circulation.

Earth's rotation, centrifugal force, and outward air flow from the center contribute to lower pressure and strengthen the typhoon.

Typhoons are formed by a combination of factors, including warm ocean temperatures, convection, and Earth's rotation.

Hydrometeorological hazards are weather-related events, like typhoons, that cause significant damage and impact to life and property.

A depression in the ground formed when water dissolves underlying rock, creating a cavity that collapses.

The process where water, often with dissolved carbon dioxide, reacts with carbonate rock, causing it to dissolve and weaken.

The process where sediments from above slowly erode into cavities in the underlying rock, causing the ground to sink.

A weak acid formed when water combines with carbon dioxide, which can dissolve carbonate rock.

A type of sinkhole formed when the ground above a cavity collapses rapidly, creating a sudden depression.

A type of sinkhole formed slowly as the ground above a cavity gradually subsides, creating a gradual depression.

Sinkholes are primarily caused by the dissolution of carbonate rock by water, but can also be triggered by heavy rainfall, mining activities, or suffusion.

To prevent sinkholes, it's important to understand the geology of the area, manage water runoff, and avoid activities that could expose the underlying rock.

A typhoon has 4 main stages: Formative, Immature, Mature, and Decaying. Each stage has distinct characteristics, from initial formation to dissipation.

The initial stage where a typhoon forms from pre-existing disturbances and winds. It's characterized by wave formation and wind speeds below typhoon force.

The typhoon deepens in this stage, reaching its peak intensity and lowest central pressure. However, it can also die down before fully maturing.

The mature typhoon has fully developed, with expanded circulation areas and sustained maximum wind speed. Pressure remains stable. This stage can last for a week.

The typhoon dissipates in this stage, losing strength due to friction, lack of moisture, and colder air. Pressure rises, and the affected area shrinks.

A period of excessively hot weather, usually defined as daily maximum temperatures exceeding the average by 5°C (9°F) for several days.

Muscular pains and cramps caused by heavy exertion in hot weather.

A condition caused by fluid loss through sweating, leading to fatigue, dizziness, and nausea in hot environments.