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Questions and Answers
Rainfall alone is the only factor that contributes to the occurrence of landslides.
Rainfall alone is the only factor that contributes to the occurrence of landslides.
False (B)
Satellite mapping is an ineffective method for evaluating landslide occurrences in vulnerable areas.
Satellite mapping is an ineffective method for evaluating landslide occurrences in vulnerable areas.
False (B)
Weakening of slope materials can increase the likelihood of landslides when combined with heavy rainfall.
Weakening of slope materials can increase the likelihood of landslides when combined with heavy rainfall.
True (A)
Human mismanagement does not play a role in the incidence of rainfall-induced landslides.
Human mismanagement does not play a role in the incidence of rainfall-induced landslides.
Mountainous areas have a lower susceptibility to landslides compared to flat terrain.
Mountainous areas have a lower susceptibility to landslides compared to flat terrain.
Suffusion is a phenomenon that occurs when sediment overloads existing cavities beneath the surface.
Suffusion is a phenomenon that occurs when sediment overloads existing cavities beneath the surface.
The majority of sinkholes are caused primarily by the suffusion process.
The majority of sinkholes are caused primarily by the suffusion process.
Heavy rainfall and mining activities can contribute to the exposure of the bedrock, increasing the risk of sinkholes.
Heavy rainfall and mining activities can contribute to the exposure of the bedrock, increasing the risk of sinkholes.
According to the USGS, a sinkhole forms when there is an abundance of surface drainage in the area.
According to the USGS, a sinkhole forms when there is an abundance of surface drainage in the area.
Structures that appear unaffected should not be checked for potential damage after a landslide.
Structures that appear unaffected should not be checked for potential damage after a landslide.
Falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, and flying are modes of failure of landslides.
Falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, and flying are modes of failure of landslides.
Monitoring systems near affected areas are crucial for predicting landslide occurrences.
Monitoring systems near affected areas are crucial for predicting landslide occurrences.
Constructing near steep slopes and drainage paths is a recommended practice to prevent landslides.
Constructing near steep slopes and drainage paths is a recommended practice to prevent landslides.
It is safe to leave an area impacted by a landslide as soon as rainfall starts.
It is safe to leave an area impacted by a landslide as soon as rainfall starts.
Knowing the routine sounds of moving debris is unnecessary for preventing landslide dangers.
Knowing the routine sounds of moving debris is unnecessary for preventing landslide dangers.
The temperature of the ocean must be at least $25°C$ for typhoon formation to occur.
The temperature of the ocean must be at least $25°C$ for typhoon formation to occur.
Carbonic acid contributes to the dissolving of rocks in groundwater.
Carbonic acid contributes to the dissolving of rocks in groundwater.
The Frontal Theory suggests that air becomes saturated and sinks downward.
The Frontal Theory suggests that air becomes saturated and sinks downward.
Marking the area around a sinkhole is advisable to prevent accidental falls.
Marking the area around a sinkhole is advisable to prevent accidental falls.
A typhoon can develop with warm air reaching more than $10°$ of latitude from the equator.
A typhoon can develop with warm air reaching more than $10°$ of latitude from the equator.
Flashcards
Geological Hazard
Geological Hazard
A natural event caused by geological processes, such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or tsunamis, that can cause damage to property and loss of life.
Rainfall-Induced Landslides
Rainfall-Induced Landslides
Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall which saturates the soil and reduces its stability, causing slopes to fail.
Factors Contributing to Rainfall-Induced Landslides
Factors Contributing to Rainfall-Induced Landslides
Factors influencing the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides include steep slopes, weak soil composition, weathered rocks, and overloading of slopes.
Satellite Mapping for Landslide Prediction
Satellite Mapping for Landslide Prediction
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Landslide Failure Types
Landslide Failure Types
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Falling
Falling
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Toppling
Toppling
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Sliding
Sliding
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Spreading
Spreading
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Flowing
Flowing
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Carbonic Acid Formation
Carbonic Acid Formation
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Sinkhole Formation
Sinkhole Formation
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Typhoon Formation
Typhoon Formation
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Convective Theory
Convective Theory
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Frontal Theory
Frontal Theory
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Sinkhole
Sinkhole
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Dissolution
Dissolution
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Suffusion
Suffusion
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Cover-Collapse Sinkhole
Cover-Collapse Sinkhole
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Gradual Cover-Subsidence Sinkhole
Gradual Cover-Subsidence Sinkhole
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Study Notes
Cold Weather Preparedness
- Keep emergency kit (snow shovels, firewood, clothing)
- Listen to local radio for weather updates
- Stay indoors, minimize travel
- Change wet clothes frequently to prevent heat loss
- Maintain proper ventilation when using heaters to avoid toxic fumes
- Go to designated shelters if home loses power/heat
- Watch for signs of frostbite (numbness, pale skin) on extremities
- Protect yourself from frostbite and hypothermia by layering warm, loose-fitting clothing
Geological Hazards
- Geological hazards are adverse geologic conditions causing damage or loss of property/life.
- Rainfall-induced landslides: Factors include rainfall, slope, and soil type.
- Satellite mapping is helpful in assessing vulnerabilities.
- Landslides are multi-factorial: Steep slopes, weakened slope materials, and overloading
- Landslides: Different types of failure exist (falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, flowing)
- Rainfall and typhoon occurrences can affect landslides
Mitigation Strategies for Landslides
- Avoid construction near steep slopes, drainage areas, and erosion-prone regions,
- Know the location of water channels and drainage paths
- Understand emergency responses and evacuation routes.
- Establish a personal emergency response plan
- Minimize home hazards (gas, water, electricity)
Mitigation Strategies for Sinkholes
- Stay clear of potential sinkhole areas.
- Monitor any signs of damage.
- Leave the affected area immediately.
- Mark the affected area to prevent further incidents.
- Communicate with experts.
- Monitor the sinkhole for further development.
- Do not dispose of anything in the sinkhole.
Hydrometeorological Hazards (Typhoons)
- Typhoons are a major concern, causing cascading hydrometeorological hazards.
- Formation requires warm ocean water (at least 27°C).
- Two theories explain their formation: convective and frontal theories.
- Stages:
- Formative: Early stages of formation.
- Immature: Intensifying stage.
- Mature: Peak intensity, no significant increase.
- Decaying: Weakening stage.
Heat Waves
- Excessive heat is defined by daily maximum temperatures exceeding the average maximum by 5°C (or 9°F).
- Symptoms include: skin cancer, heat stroke, dehydration, sunburn.
- Preparations: Install/use fans, stay indoors, drink plenty of water
Cold Waves
- Cold waves occur with rapid temperature drops.
- Criteria: -5°C deviation from normal for regions above 40°C, -7°C deviation for below.
- Impact: Freezing of water pipes, increased demand for heat, fire hazards
- Precautions: Dress in layers, use heat, stay indoors
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Description
This quiz covers essential safety measures for cold weather preparedness and explores various geological hazards, such as landslides. Participants will learn how to protect themselves during harsh winter conditions and identify factors contributing to geological risks. Ensure your knowledge of emergency kits, frostbite prevention, and the dynamics of landslides is up to date.
