Questions and Answers
Who sent the Long Telegram in 1946 from Moscow?
George Kennan
What policy was aimed to prevent the spread of communism?
Containment policy
What did Winston Churchill refer to as the 'Iron Curtain'?
The division between Communist and Free Nations
What policy did Harry Truman implement to provide aid to countries struggling with communism?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Atomic Energy Commission created to oversee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the CIA?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the National Security Council do?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Marshall Plan?
Signup and view all the answers
What was agreed upon in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Douglas MacArthur?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Berlin Blockade?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NATO?
Signup and view all the answers
What happened to the Peoples Republic of China after the Civil War?
Signup and view all the answers
Where did the old government of China go for exile?
Signup and view all the answers
What did NSC-68 call for?
Signup and view all the answers
What triggered the Korean War?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the 38th parallel?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterized the Cold War?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the goal of the Central Treaty Organization?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Walter Lippmann?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Truman's Fair Deal?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Operation Dixie aim to achieve?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the GI Bill provide for returning WWII soldiers?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Taft-Hartley Act aimed at?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Jackie Robinson?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the States Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats) oppose?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Hubert Humphrey?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Strom Thurmond?
Signup and view all the answers
What did 'To Secure These Rights' call for?
Signup and view all the answers
Who were the Dixiecrats?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Henry A. Wallace?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the House Un-American Activities Committee's purpose?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the Hollywood Ten known for?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Alger Hiss?
Signup and view all the answers
Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Joseph McCarthy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is McCarthyism?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the Army-McCarthy hearings?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was J. Edgar Hoover?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the McCarran-Walter Act do?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Operation Wetback?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
George Kennan
- Authored the Long Telegram in 1946 from Moscow, highlighting the Soviet Union's unwillingness to be treated as a normal state.
- Advocated for containment of communism as the primary U.S. strategy to thwart Soviet expansion.
Containment Policy
- Formulated to curb the spread of communism.
- Initiated by the Truman Administration and influenced by Kennan's ideas.
Iron Curtain
- Coined by Winston Churchill in a Missouri speech, signifying the ideological divide between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western nations.
Truman Doctrine
- Established by Harry Truman to provide support and aid to countries resisting communism.
Atomic Energy Commission
- Formed in 1946 to manage research and production of atomic energy and weapons.
CIA
- Created to gather intelligence and conduct covert operations outside the U.S.
National Security Council
- Advises the President on matters related to national security and foreign policies.
Marshall Plan
- Initiated by Secretary of State George C. Marshall, this program allocated billions to reconstruct war-torn European economies, proving to be highly effective.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
- Agreement among 23 Western nations to foster international trade by reducing tariffs, significantly benefiting the U.S. economy.
Douglas MacArthur
- U.S. General and Supreme Commander in Japan until 1948; oversaw Japan’s transition to a democratic government and disarmament.
Berlin Blockade
- Soviet action in 1948-49 barring access to West Berlin, prompting the U.S. and allies to airlift supplies.
NATO
- Military alliance between the U.S., Canada, and ten Western European nations, established for collective defense against Soviet aggression.
Peoples Republic of China
- Established by communists under Mao Zedong; the U.S. refused to recognize this regime, supporting the ousted Nationalist government instead.
Taiwan
- The island where the Nationalist government of China retreated after losing the civil war to communists.
NSC-68
- A 1950 National Security Council document advocating a significant buildup of U.S. military capabilities against global communism.
Korean War
- Initiated by North Korea's invasion of South Korea in 1950; resulted in a prolonged conflict ending in a stalemate, with no formal peace treaty.
38th Parallel
- The dividing line between North and South Korea, established post-World War II.
Cold War
- A prolonged geopolitical tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, characterized by ideological, military, and cultural confrontations without direct warfare.
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
- Alliance formed among Western nations to collectively confront and combat communism in Asia.
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)
- Alliance aimed at countering Soviet influence in the Middle East.
Walter Lippmann
- Noted journalist who cautioned against viewing foreign policy as an ideological crusade, arguing for a more pragmatic approach.
Fair Deal
- Domestic policy agenda proposed by Truman to address social welfare, healthcare, housing, and education, enhancing the living standards of Americans post-WWII.
Operation Dixie
- Campaign by labor unions in the South to promote unionization, targeting industries like textiles and agriculture.
GI Bill
- Legislation providing veterans with benefits for education, housing, and business ventures post-WWII.
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
- Legislation aimed at curbing labor unions' powers; enforced an 80-day cooling-off period for strikes and limited union membership requirements.
Jackie Robinson
- Broke Major League Baseball's color barrier as the first African American player, playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
States Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats)
- Opposed civil rights and integration, advocating for states' freedoms; nominated Strom Thurmond for presidency.
Hubert Humphrey
- Progressive politician from Minneapolis, significantly influencing the Democratic platform and civil rights movement in 1948.
Strom Thurmond
- Leader of the Dixiecrats, ran for president advocating for states' rights and segregation.
To Secure These Rights
- 1948 report by the Commission on Civil Rights urging the federal government to eliminate segregation and ensure equal rights.
Dixiecrats
- Southern Democrats who formed to oppose civil rights; framed their stance as a protection of state liberties.
Henry A. Wallace
- Liberal former Vice President advocating for social welfare and international peace, supported by leftist factions, including communists.
House Un-American Activities Committee
- Established in 1947, it conducted hearings to investigate communist influences in America, notably targeting Hollywood figures.
Hollywood Ten
- A group of filmmakers who refused to testify about alleged communist ties, resulting in jail terms and blacklisting in Hollywood.
Alger Hiss
- High-ranking State Department official accused by Richard Nixon of espionage; his trial was a significant event in the Red Scare.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
- Convicted of providing atomic secrets to the Soviets during WWII, resulting in controversial death sentences.
Joseph McCarthy
- Senator notorious for unfounded accusations of communist infiltration in the U.S. government, notably within the State Department.
McCarthyism
- Refers to the era of intense anti-communism led by McCarthy, characterized by baseless accusations and abuses of power.
Army-McCarthy Hearings
- Televised hearings revealing McCarthy's questionable tactics and leading to his eventual discrediting.
J. Edgar Hoover
- FBI Director who exploited anti-communism to expand FBI powers, surveilling numerous Americans, including political dissidents.
McCarran-Walter Act
- 1952 immigration law maintaining quotas and allowing deportation of individuals identified as communists, enacted over Truman's veto.
Operation Wetback
- Government initiative targeting illegal immigration from Mexico, resulting in the deportation of over a million individuals.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the pivotal concepts and key figures in Cold War history, including George Kennan's Long Telegram and the formulation of the Containment Policy. This quiz delves into the Truman Doctrine, the Iron Curtain, and the roles of the CIA and National Security Council in shaping U.S. foreign policy during this tense era.