Cold, Cough, and Lung Treatments

A patient presents with a persistent cough, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Which of the following medications would be MOST appropriate to initially recommend for symptomatic relief?

A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing a productive cough with thick mucus. Which medication should be used with caution due to its potential to cause bronchospasm?

A patient asks about the difference between an expectorant and a mucolytic. Which explanation is MOST accurate?

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system has what effect on the respiratory system?

Which of the following shared symptoms would help a healthcare provider distinguish between allergic rhinitis and the common cold?

A patient taking guaifenesin reports experiencing mild nausea. What is the MOST appropriate recommendation?

Which of the following explains the mechanism of action of dextromethorphan?

A patient with COPD is experiencing increased mucus production and difficulty breathing. Which of the following medications would be MOST appropriate?

What is a primary function of Type II epithelial cells (pneumocytes) in the lung?

Asthma and COPD are both characterized by the restriction of airflow. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which this restriction occurs in ASTHMA?

A researcher is investigating novel therapies for reducing mucus viscosity in chronic bronchitis. Which of the following mechanisms of action would be MOST effective in achieving this goal?

A patient with a history of severe, chronic asthma is prescribed a medication that causes bronchodilation through beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonism. Monitoring for which of the following side effects would be MOST important for this patient, considering potential impacts on other organ systems?

A patient with cystic fibrosis is prescribed acetylcysteine. Prior to initiating therapy, the healthcare provider should prioritize assessing the patient for which of the following conditions?

A researcher is investigating the impact of a novel drug on mucociliary clearance. The study reveals that the drug increases the ciliary beat frequency of respiratory epithelial cells. Which of the following mechanisms would BEST explain this observation?

A patient with a persistent non-productive cough is considering using dextromethorphan. Which of the following statements accurately describes the mechanism by which dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex?

A patient with a history of heavy smoking and chronic bronchitis is prescribed guaifenesin to help manage their productive cough. What counseling point regarding the use of guaifenesin would be MOST important to emphasize to this patient?

A researcher is evaluating the effects of a novel bronchodilator on airway smooth muscle. The data indicates that the drug primarily targets the parasympathetic nervous system. Which mechanism of action would be MOST consistent with these findings?

A previously healthy individual is exposed to a novel airborne allergen, resulting in symptoms consistent with allergic rhinitis. Which sequence of events BEST describes the pathophysiology underlying this individual's immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

Following prolonged exposure to air pollution, a patient exhibits metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium, where ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells are replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. This cellular adaptation will MOST likely result in which of the following physiological consequences?

A researcher is investigating potential drug targets to reduce mucus production in patients with chronic bronchitis. Select the MOST promising target considering the physiological mechanisms controlling mucus secretion.