Cohort Study in Epidemiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between prospective and retrospective cohort studies?

Prospective studies only focus on historical data, while retrospective studies only focus on future outcomes.
Prospective studies follow a cohort into the future for a health outcome, while retrospective studies trace the cohort back in time for exposure information after the outcome has occurred. (correct)
Prospective studies are conducted after the outcome has occurred, while retrospective studies are conducted before the outcome has occurred.
Prospective studies trace the cohort back in time for exposure information after the outcome has occurred, while retrospective studies follow a cohort into the future for a health outcome.

How are cohorts typically established in a cohort study?

The selection of cohorts is solely based on gender and socioeconomic status.
The investigator controls the selection of the cohort based on common characteristics like age, location, or exposure to certain working environments. (correct)
The cohort is randomly selected from the general population without any specific criteria.
Cohorts are established based on self-selection by individuals interested in participating in the study.

What is another term for both prospective and retrospective cohort studies?

Cross-sectional studies
Case-control studies
Experimental studies
Longitudinal or follow-up studies (correct)

In a cohort study, how may cohorts be selected based on exposures known at baseline?

Cohorts may be selected on the basis of exposures known at baseline, e.g. smokers vs. nonsmokers. (B)

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What is the purpose of following a cohort over time in a cohort study?

To find how many individuals reach a certain health outcome of interest over time. (A)

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In a cohort study, what is the main difference between prospective and retrospective cohorts?

Prospective studies follow a cohort into the future for a health outcome, while retrospective studies trace the cohort back in time for exposure information after the outcome has occurred. (D)

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How are cohorts typically established in a cohort study?

The investigator controls the selection of the cohort based on age, location, exposure to a certain working environment, or some other common characteristic. (D)

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