Cohort Study in Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between prospective and retrospective cohort studies?

  • Prospective studies only focus on historical data, while retrospective studies only focus on future outcomes.
  • Prospective studies follow a cohort into the future for a health outcome, while retrospective studies trace the cohort back in time for exposure information after the outcome has occurred. (correct)
  • Prospective studies are conducted after the outcome has occurred, while retrospective studies are conducted before the outcome has occurred.
  • Prospective studies trace the cohort back in time for exposure information after the outcome has occurred, while retrospective studies follow a cohort into the future for a health outcome.

    • How are cohorts typically established in a cohort study?

  • The selection of cohorts is solely based on gender and socioeconomic status.
  • The investigator controls the selection of the cohort based on common characteristics like age, location, or exposure to certain working environments. (correct)
  • The cohort is randomly selected from the general population without any specific criteria.
  • Cohorts are established based on self-selection by individuals interested in participating in the study.

    • What is another term for both prospective and retrospective cohort studies?

  • Cross-sectional studies
  • Case-control studies
  • Experimental studies
  • Longitudinal or follow-up studies (correct)

    • In a cohort study, how may cohorts be selected based on exposures known at baseline?

    <p>Cohorts may be selected on the basis of exposures known at baseline, e.g. smokers vs. nonsmokers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of following a cohort over time in a cohort study?

    <p>To find how many individuals reach a certain health outcome of interest over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cohort study, what is the main difference between prospective and retrospective cohorts?

    <p>Prospective studies follow a cohort into the future for a health outcome, while retrospective studies trace the cohort back in time for exposure information after the outcome has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are cohorts typically established in a cohort study?

    <p>The investigator controls the selection of the cohort based on age, location, exposure to a certain working environment, or some other common characteristic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for both prospective and retrospective cohort studies?

    <p>Longitudinal or follow-up studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of following a cohort over time in a cohort study?

    <p>To find how many reach a certain health outcome of interest over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cohort study, how may cohorts be selected based on exposures known at baseline?

    <p>Cohorts may be selected on the basis of exposures known at baseline, e.g. smokers vs. nonsmokers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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