Cognitive Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What are categories and concepts in relation to each other?

Categories are mental representations of concepts.

Categories are classes of objects in the world, and concepts are mental representations of the categories. (correct)

Categories and concepts are unrelated.

Concepts are classes of objects in the world.

What do typicality ratings suggest about categories?

Categories have a hierarchical structure.

Categories have a binary structure.

Categories have a graded structure. (correct)

Categories have a random structure.

How is the Family Resemblance measure described?

It is a measure of featural commonality amongst category members. (correct)

It is a measure of geographic proximity among family members.

It is a measure of economic similarity among category members.

It is a measure of genetic relatedness among family members.

What does the Family Resemblance measure indicate about the typicality of an exemplar?

The more similar an exemplar is to other category members, the higher its family resemblance. Signup and view all the answers

What did Rosch et. al find a strong correlation between?

Typicality and family resemblance for natural categories. Signup and view all the answers

How are category members rated as highly typical?

By sharing a high number of features with other members of the category. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Graded Category Structure based on?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Family Resemblance measure consider?

The featural commonality among category members. Signup and view all the answers

What do generation frequency data, categorization decisions, and latencies suggest about categories?

Categories have a graded structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Family Resemblance Model used to describe?

Categories of objects. Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to calculate family resemblance of Blargs?

Body shape, body color, antennae, number of legs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the graded typicality structure in categories correspond to?

The featural overlap of the category members. Signup and view all the answers

According to Hampton (1979), what does the Polymorphous Concept Model use to measure graded category structure?

Featural overlap Signup and view all the answers

According to Ashcraft (1978) and McClosky (1980), what are the key factors in graded category structure?

Familiarity and typicality Signup and view all the answers

What did Hampton (1983) find high inter-correlations between for 12 categories?

Typicality, generation frequency, and familiarity Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which variables do not contribute to category structure?

Age of acquisition, word frequency, and imageability Signup and view all the answers

What is graded category structure due to, according to the text?

Similarity relations between category members Signup and view all the answers

How are family resemblance and similarity interconnected?

Categories are bound by their similarity to each other Signup and view all the answers

What procedures can be used to collect similarity data, according to the text?

Pair-wise ratings and card-sorting tasks Signup and view all the answers

What does Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) provide a visual representation of?

Similarity relations between objects or entities Signup and view all the answers

How does the contrast model calculate similarity between exemplars?

Based on common features and differences Signup and view all the answers

What can MDS of similarity data reflect, according to the text?

The structure of categories and differences in mental representations Signup and view all the answers

What do graded category structure measures such as typicality and generation frequency reflect?

The similarity structure of categories Signup and view all the answers

What are some criticisms of similarity, according to the text?

Its inflexibility and failure to account for semantic representations based on richer data Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Graded Category Structure and Similarity Relations in Cognitive Psychology

Hampton (1979) developed the Polymorphous Concept Model, which uses featural overlap to measure graded category structure.
Familiarity and typicality are key factors in graded category structure, according to Ashcraft (1978) and McClosky (1980).
Hampton (1983) collected data for 12 categories and found high inter-correlations between typicality, generation frequency, and familiarity.
Variables such as age of acquisition, word frequency, and imageability do not contribute to category structure.
Graded category structure is due to similarity relations between category members, reflected in typicality, generation frequency, response time, and family resemblance.
Family resemblance and similarity are interconnected, with categories bound by their similarity to each other.
Similarity data can be collected through various procedures such as pair-wise ratings and card-sorting tasks.
Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) provides a visual representation of similarity relations between objects or entities.
The contrast model calculates similarity between exemplars based on common features and differences.
MDS of similarity data reflects the structure of categories and can highlight differences in mental representations between groups of people.
Graded category structure measures such as typicality and generation frequency reflect the similarity structure of categories, as shown in MDS representations.
Criticisms of similarity include its inflexibility and failure to account for semantic representations based on richer data.

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Description

Test your knowledge of graded category structure and similarity relations in cognitive psychology with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the Polymorphous Concept Model, familiarity, typicality, and similarity data collection methods. Assess your understanding of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and the contrast model in representing similarity relations.