24 Questions
What are categories and concepts in relation to each other?
Categories are classes of objects in the world, and concepts are mental representations of the categories.
What do typicality ratings suggest about categories?
Categories have a graded structure.
How is the Family Resemblance measure described?
It is a measure of featural commonality amongst category members.
What does the Family Resemblance measure indicate about the typicality of an exemplar?
The more similar an exemplar is to other category members, the higher its family resemblance.
What did Rosch et. al find a strong correlation between?
Typicality and family resemblance for natural categories.
How are category members rated as highly typical?
By sharing a high number of features with other members of the category.
What is the Graded Category Structure based on?
All of the above.
What does the Family Resemblance measure consider?
The featural commonality among category members.
What do generation frequency data, categorization decisions, and latencies suggest about categories?
Categories have a graded structure.
What is the Family Resemblance Model used to describe?
Categories of objects.
What can be used to calculate family resemblance of Blargs?
Body shape, body color, antennae, number of legs.
What does the graded typicality structure in categories correspond to?
The featural overlap of the category members.
According to Hampton (1979), what does the Polymorphous Concept Model use to measure graded category structure?
Featural overlap
According to Ashcraft (1978) and McClosky (1980), what are the key factors in graded category structure?
Familiarity and typicality
What did Hampton (1983) find high inter-correlations between for 12 categories?
Typicality, generation frequency, and familiarity
According to the text, which variables do not contribute to category structure?
Age of acquisition, word frequency, and imageability
What is graded category structure due to, according to the text?
Similarity relations between category members
How are family resemblance and similarity interconnected?
Categories are bound by their similarity to each other
What procedures can be used to collect similarity data, according to the text?
Pair-wise ratings and card-sorting tasks
What does Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) provide a visual representation of?
Similarity relations between objects or entities
How does the contrast model calculate similarity between exemplars?
Based on common features and differences
What can MDS of similarity data reflect, according to the text?
The structure of categories and differences in mental representations
What do graded category structure measures such as typicality and generation frequency reflect?
The similarity structure of categories
What are some criticisms of similarity, according to the text?
Its inflexibility and failure to account for semantic representations based on richer data
Study Notes
Graded Category Structure and Similarity Relations in Cognitive Psychology
- Hampton (1979) developed the Polymorphous Concept Model, which uses featural overlap to measure graded category structure.
- Familiarity and typicality are key factors in graded category structure, according to Ashcraft (1978) and McClosky (1980).
- Hampton (1983) collected data for 12 categories and found high inter-correlations between typicality, generation frequency, and familiarity.
- Variables such as age of acquisition, word frequency, and imageability do not contribute to category structure.
- Graded category structure is due to similarity relations between category members, reflected in typicality, generation frequency, response time, and family resemblance.
- Family resemblance and similarity are interconnected, with categories bound by their similarity to each other.
- Similarity data can be collected through various procedures such as pair-wise ratings and card-sorting tasks.
- Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) provides a visual representation of similarity relations between objects or entities.
- The contrast model calculates similarity between exemplars based on common features and differences.
- MDS of similarity data reflects the structure of categories and can highlight differences in mental representations between groups of people.
- Graded category structure measures such as typicality and generation frequency reflect the similarity structure of categories, as shown in MDS representations.
- Criticisms of similarity include its inflexibility and failure to account for semantic representations based on richer data.
Test your knowledge of graded category structure and similarity relations in cognitive psychology with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the Polymorphous Concept Model, familiarity, typicality, and similarity data collection methods. Assess your understanding of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and the contrast model in representing similarity relations.
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