Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Overlapping Waves Model propose about children and memory strategies?
What does the Overlapping Waves Model propose about children and memory strategies?
Which of the following is NOT a common strategy for improving working memory?
Which of the following is NOT a common strategy for improving working memory?
What is a characteristic of younger children in relation to metacognition?
What is a characteristic of younger children in relation to metacognition?
What is referred to as 'Utilization Deficiency' in the context of memory strategies?
What is referred to as 'Utilization Deficiency' in the context of memory strategies?
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How does long-term memory typically change as individuals age?
How does long-term memory typically change as individuals age?
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What aspect of cognitive change does the Developmental Cascade Model suggest?
What aspect of cognitive change does the Developmental Cascade Model suggest?
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Which of the following best defines cognitive control?
Which of the following best defines cognitive control?
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What is a significant qualitative change that occurs with cognitive development?
What is a significant qualitative change that occurs with cognitive development?
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Which of the following scenarios demonstrates cognitive flexibility?
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates cognitive flexibility?
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How does working memory differ from long-term memory?
How does working memory differ from long-term memory?
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In which task might younger children showcase their limitations in cognitive control?
In which task might younger children showcase their limitations in cognitive control?
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What does the processing speed aspect of cognitive development indicate?
What does the processing speed aspect of cognitive development indicate?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive control that develops throughout childhood?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive control that develops throughout childhood?
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At what age can children begin to remember events for over 3 months?
At what age can children begin to remember events for over 3 months?
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How does memory retention change from 6 months to 20 months of age?
How does memory retention change from 6 months to 20 months of age?
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What is a trend observed in memory development as children grow older?
What is a trend observed in memory development as children grow older?
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By what age can children generally remember events for at least one year?
By what age can children generally remember events for at least one year?
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What aspect of memory becomes more pronounced as a child matures?
What aspect of memory becomes more pronounced as a child matures?
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At what age do infants exhibit the ability to remember events for periods exceeding 3 months?
At what age do infants exhibit the ability to remember events for periods exceeding 3 months?
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What significant change occurs in memory retention from 9 months to 20 months of age?
What significant change occurs in memory retention from 9 months to 20 months of age?
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Which age marks the transition to a period where infants can remember events for 4-6 months?
Which age marks the transition to a period where infants can remember events for 4-6 months?
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What is the maximum duration that infants can remember events at 9 months of age?
What is the maximum duration that infants can remember events at 9 months of age?
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Which of the following statements is true about memory development by 20 months?
Which of the following statements is true about memory development by 20 months?
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Study Notes
Overlapping Waves Model
- Suggests that children use a variety of memory strategies, and their use changes over time
- Children may use multiple strategies simultaneously, with some strategies becoming more dominant than others
Working Memory Strategies
- Chunking
- Rehearsal
- Elaboration
- Visualization
- NOT: Rote memorization (simply repeating information without understanding)
Metacognition in Younger Children
- Limited understanding of their own cognitive processes
- Difficulty monitoring their own learning and memory
- May not be aware of strategies they could use to improve their memory
Utilization Deficiency
- Students may learn and be able to apply a memory strategy, but fail to do so spontaneously in situations where it would be helpful
Long-Term Memory Changes with Age
- Increases in capacity
- Improved organization and retrieval skills
- Greater knowledge base to connect new information with
Developmental Cascade Model
- Highlights the interconnectedness of cognitive development across different domains
- Emphasizes how early experiences and skills influence later development
Cognitive Control
- The ability to regulate thoughts and actions
- Involves managing attention, inhibiting distractions, and shifting between tasks
Qualitative Change in Cognitive Development
- Shift from relying on concrete thinking to more abstract reasoning
Cognitive Flexibility
- Ability to adjust thinking to new situations and perspectives
- Example: Changing a game strategy when it's not working
Working Memory vs. Long-Term Memory
- Working memory: Limited-capacity system for holding information actively in mind
- Long-term memory: Vast storage system for holding information over extended periods
Task Demonstrating Cognitive Control Limitations in Younger Children
- Tasks involving resisting temptations or delaying gratification
Processing Speed Aspect of Cognitive Development
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Refers to the speed at which individuals can process information
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Improves with age, enabling faster and more efficient thinking
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6 months:
- Infants show significant memory decay, with most encoded events being forgotten after 24 hours.
- Memory is still very fragile and short-term at this stage.
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9 months:
- Memory duration improves significantly, with the ability to retain information for up to 5 weeks after encoding.
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10-11 months:
- Infants can remember events for periods exceeding 3 months, reflecting more stable memory processes.
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13-14 months:
- Memory retention extends to 4-6 months, indicating increasing robustness and durability of memory.
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20 months:
- By this age, children can recall information for at least 1 year, showing substantial development in long-term memory capabilities.
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Description
Explore key concepts in cognitive psychology, including the mind-computer analogy, developmental changes in processing speed, and the role of cognitive control. This quiz delves into how cognitive processes are structured and how they evolve over time. Test your understanding of these foundational ideas in the field of psychology.