Cognitive Psychology Overview

<p>Physical brain processes involved in cognition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offer a comprehensive approach to understanding cognition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention to linguistic nuances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The computational mechanisms of cognitive processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual word form area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive skills may be biologically hardwired. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm Wundt's lab established in 1879. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A focus on internal mental processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception involves unconscious inference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The analysis of cognitive processes through reaction time studies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recognition of scientific methods’ importance in cognition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structuralism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive skills may be present at birth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scientific study of how the mind encodes, stores, and uses information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An emphasis on internal mental processes over behaviorist approaches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conscious focus on a single stimulus while filtering out others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It began integrating isolated mental processes into broader contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows how the brain selectively filters out unexpected stimuli when focused on specific tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing group dynamics in social settings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1967 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often lacked consistency and objective measurement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of observable and measurable behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shifted focus towards observable behavior and away from human introspection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the likelihood of a behavior by providing desirable outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He developed the Skinner box for studying voluntary behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aligned psychology with more scientific and adaptive approaches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies on the observation and measurement of behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of animal behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socratic method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Algorithmic focuses on the abstract steps involved in cognitive processes, while Implementational focuses on the underlying mechanisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides evidence for the existence of innate knowledge through Socratic dialogue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the specific steps involved in decoding a word? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By emphasizing the use of experimental methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It challenged the 'tabula rasa' theory by demonstrating innate mathematical abilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What specific sensors and circuits are involved in cruise control operation? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowing that Aristotle was a philosopher (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An awareness of spatial layout enabling shortcuts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient systematic feedback does not support Skinner's theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observable behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What the mind is trying to compute and why (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is outdated and has no practical applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using brain imaging techniques to understand cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Algorithmic level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case studies of brain-damaged individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aids in sourcing information stored in brain structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through reaction time for task completion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoded and stored information about the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To objectively study mental events and processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faster reaction times correlate with task difficulty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that studies mental processes like perception, attention, memory, language, and thinking.

The Cognitive Revolution shifted the focus from just observable behaviors (like in behaviorism) to understanding the internal mental processes that drive those behaviors.

Cognitive psychology is not just about studying the mind in isolation. It connects with other fields like neuroscience, computer science, and linguistics to gain a more complete understanding of human thought.

The mind can only process a limited amount of information at once, so it selectively chooses what to focus on. This process is called selective attention.

Inattentional blindness is a phenomenon where we miss obvious things because we're fully focused on something else. It highlights the limitations of our attention.

It's the ability to focus on a specific task while ignoring distractions.

The way our brains encode, store, and retrieve information. It's crucial for learning, decision-making, and many other everyday activities.

Advances in artificial intelligence and cognitive neuroscience are two important outcomes brought about by the Cognitive Revolution.

The process of recognizing and identifying objects in the environment.

The ability to focus on specific information while ignoring other stimuli.

The process of understanding written or spoken language.

The process of retrieving stored information from memory.

A type of memory that stores general knowledge and facts about the world.

A type of memory that stores personal experiences and events.

The process of making a judgment or decision.

The process of using logical reasoning to draw conclusions.

The process of producing spoken language.

A school of psychology that emphasizes the role of learning and experience in shaping behavior.

A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a conditioned stimulus.

A type of learning where behaviors are strengthened by rewards and weakened by punishments.

A mental representation of the layout of an environment.

The use of objective measures and scientific methods to study mental processes.

The study of how the brain enables mental processes.

Ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle explored questions about knowledge and perception, laying the foundation for modern cognitive psychology.

Socrates' method of questioning led people to discover knowledge they didn't realize they had, suggesting innate knowledge.

The 'tabula rasa' theory argues that we are born with a blank slate and knowledge is gained through experience.

Cognitive psychologists use empirical methods, like experiments, rather than just philosophical discussions.

Studies by Wynn (1992) showed that even infants have basic math understanding, indicating that some knowledge might be innate.

Cognitive psychology draws inspiration from ancient theories and applies them to modern empirical methods.

Cruise control systems use sensors and actuators to adjust engine speed, keeping the car at a set velocity.

The brain areas involved in reading become more active and coordinated as children become better readers.

Understanding a word's meaning based on the surrounding text or context, including the words and sentences around it.

The ability to identify connections between sentences within a text, and also to understand how different parts of a text relate to each other.

Analyzing how the mind processes words and what computational mechanisms are at play.

Examining the brain's physical processes involved in thinking, like how brain regions are activated during reading.

An area in the brain associated with recognizing and processing written words.

Connecting knowledge from different levels of analysis (computational and implementational) to understand how human cognition works.

Analyzing cognitive processes from three perspectives: computational, algorithmic, and implementational.

Wilhelm Wundt's lab, established in 1879, marked the formal beginning of scientific psychology, differentiating early approaches from modern cognitive psychology.

The cognitive revolution shifted from solely behavioral approaches to exploring mental processes and structures.

Helmholtz's work on measuring nerve impulses in the 1850s and 1860s laid the groundwork for reaction time studies, allowing analysis of cognitive processes.

Helmholtz proposed that perception is not just about sensory input; it also involves an unconscious inference where the mind interprets that information.

Early psychological investigations lacked formal methods to study cognitive processes, even when exploring cognitive questions.

The cognitive revolution emphasized the importance of scientific methods in understanding cognition, a key reason for its emergence.

Infants demonstrating numerical abilities suggests predisposition in cognitive development. It indicates some cognitive skills might be innate.

Helmholtz's unconscious inference theory aligns with the Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham's concepts, demonstrating a cross-cultural perspective on perception.

A method used in early psychology that relied on individuals reporting their own internal experiences and thoughts.

A shift away from introspection and towards studying observable behaviors, making psychology more objective and scientific.

The father of behaviorism who established objective observation of behavior as the core of psychology.

Something that increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing a desirable outcome.

Something that increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an unpleasant outcome.

A key figure known for developing operant conditioning and the Skinner box, used to study how animals learn through rewards and punishments.