16 Questions
What is the primary difference between experiential and reflective cognition?
The level of mental effort involved
What mode of cognition is similar to Don Norman's experiential mode?
Fast thinking
What is an example of an activity that requires reflective cognition?
Designing a product
What is the difference between fast and slow thinking?
The level of mental effort required
What is an example of an activity that requires experiential cognition?
Reading a book
What is the main difference between fast and slow thinking in terms of arithmetic equations?
The level of mental effort required
What is another way of describing cognition besides experiential and reflective modes?
Fast and slow thinking
What is involved in slow thinking?
Mental effort, attention, and judgment
Which of the following is considered one of the main kinds of cognitive processes?
Perception
What cognitive process is primarily involved when recognizing letters and words?
Perception
Which cognitive processes are described as most relevant for interaction design?
Attention and memory
What action typically requires the involvement of multiple cognitive processes, such as attending to text and recognizing words?
Reading a book
How might someone who knows exactly what they want find information?
Matching their goal with available information
What might a person do when they are unsure of what they are looking for in information?
Browse through information
When eating at a restaurant and having a vague idea of what to eat, how might a person determine their choice?
Let attention be drawn to menu descriptions
Which example signifies the use of both scanning and matching goals with available information?
Finding World Cup results after a long flight
Study Notes
Modes of Cognition
- Experiential cognition: a state of mind where people perceive, act, and react to events around them intuitively and effortlessly, requiring a certain level of expertise and engagement, e.g. driving a car, reading a book, having a conversation.
- Reflective cognition: involves mental effort, attention, judgment, and decision-making, which can lead to new ideas and creativity, e.g. designing, learning, and writing a report.
Fast and Slow Thinking
- Fast thinking: instinctive, reflexive, and effortless, with no sense of voluntary control, e.g. solving simple arithmetic equations quickly.
- Slow thinking: takes more time, is more logical and demanding, and requires greater concentration, e.g. solving complex arithmetic equations that require externalization.
Describing Cognition
- Cognition can be described in terms of the context in which it takes place, the tools that are employed, the artifacts and interfaces that are used, and the people involved.
- Cognition can be distributed, situated, extended, and embodied.
Cognitive Processes
- Attention: essential for interaction design, involved in activities such as reading a book.
- Perception: involved in recognizing and making sense of letters and words.
- Memory: essential for interaction design, involves storing and retrieving information.
- Learning: occurs through various cognitive processes, including attention, perception, and memory.
- Reading, speaking, and listening: involve cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory.
- Problem-solving, planning, reasoning, and decision-making: complex cognitive processes that involve multiple interactions.
Interdependence of Cognitive Processes
- Many cognitive processes are interdependent, with several involved in a given activity, e.g. reading a book involves attention, perception, memory, and learning.
- It is rare for one cognitive process to occur in isolation.
This quiz explores the various modes of cognition, including experiential and reflective cognition, and how they differ in terms of expertise, engagement, and intuition.
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