Cognitive Psychology Emergence

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

The influence of environmental factors on cognitive abilities

The distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence

The three aspects of creative, analytical, and practical intelligence (correct)

Emotional intelligence and its impact on social interactions

Which of the following best represents Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Intelligence is a unitary construct defined primarily by IQ scores

Intelligence can be fully measured through standardized testing

Intelligence is solely dependent on genetic factors

Intelligence consists of eight independent constructs (correct)

In the context of cognitive intelligence, what are meta components primarily used for?

Learning how to solve new problems

Generating creative ideas for innovation

Monitoring and evaluating problem-solving processes (correct)

Executing commands of lower-order processes

What role do performance components play in Sternberg's model of intelligence?

They implement commands from meta components Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the broader abilities in the hierarchy of intelligence?

Specific abilities support the development of broader abilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary theme that defines intelligence according to contemporary experts?

Cultural variations in perceptions of intelligence Signup and view all the answers

In Carroll's Three-Stratum Model, which stratum includes fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?

Stratum II Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural intelligence (CQ) primarily refer to?

The capacity to adapt in various cultural contexts Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive ability from Stratum II involves the speed of performing mental operations?

Processing speed Signup and view all the answers

In the context of intelligence, what is meant by crystallized intelligence?

Skills acquired through personal experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered part of Carroll's model of intelligence?

Creative intelligence Signup and view all the answers

How does the Three-Stratum Model categorize general intelligence?

As a singular, overarching entity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following broad abilities relates to accurately perceiving visual information?

Broad visual perception Signup and view all the answers

What was Karl Lashley's view about the brain's role in behavior?

The brain is an active organizer of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What key concept did Donald Hebb introduce regarding learning in the brain?

Cell assemblies. Signup and view all the answers

Which critique did Noam Chomsky present against behaviorist ideas about language acquisition?

Humans have an intuitive sense of grammar. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Turing Test in artificial intelligence?

To evaluate if a computer's output is indistinguishable from that of a human. Signup and view all the answers

How did the emergence of cognitive psychology challenge behaviorism?

By focusing on cognitive processes like learning and memory. Signup and view all the answers

Who popularized the concept of the modularity of mind in cognitive psychology?

Jerry Fodor. Signup and view all the answers

What does information theory seek to understand about human behavior?

How humans process bits of information like computers. Signup and view all the answers

What did Ulric Neisser define as the focus of cognitive psychology in his foundational text?

The structure and use of knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emergence of Cognitive Psychology

Karl Spencer Lashley challenged behaviorism, viewing the brain as an active organizer of behavior, not a passive responder.
Donald Hebb introduced "cell assemblies," neural structures that emerge from frequent stimulation, as fundamental to learning.
Noam Chomsky critiqued Skinner's behaviorist theory of language acquisition, highlighting the biological basis and creativity in language use.
Alan Turing proposed the "Turing test" to evaluate artificial intelligence based on indistinguishable human-machine communication.
Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to create systems that can process information intelligently.
Information theory, developed by Shannon and Weaver, examines human behavior through the lens of information processing akin to computers.
Ulric Neisser defined cognitive psychology as the study of how humans learn, structure, store, and use knowledge.
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon proposed cognitive models detailing human thinking and problem-solving.
By the 1970s, cognitive psychology was recognized as a major field with unique research methodologies.
Jerry Fodor popularized the modularity of mind concept, proposing the brain consists of distinct modules for processing different types of information.

Cognition and Intelligence

Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn from experience, adapt to the environment, and employ metacognitive strategies.
Cultural context influences perceptions of intelligence; abilities valued in one culture may be dismissed in another.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) describes one's capability to navigate challenges in diverse cultural settings.

Three Cognitive Models of Intelligence

John B. Carroll's Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence:
- Stratum I: Narrow abilities (e.g., spelling, reasoning speed).
- Stratum II: Broad abilities, including fluid intelligence (Gf), crystallized intelligence (Gc), general memory (Gy), visual perception (Gv), auditory perception (Gu), retrieval ability (Gr), cognitive speediness (Gs), and processing speed (Gt).
- Stratum III: General intelligence (g), representing overall cognitive ability, integrating various intelligence aspects.
Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences:
- Proposes multiple independent intelligences, challenging the single construct notion of intelligence.
- Identifies eight distinct intelligences, emphasizing their relative independence.
Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence:
- Intelligence consists of three aspects: creative, analytical, and practical abilities.
- Creative abilities generate novel ideas, analytical abilities evaluate ideas, and practical abilities implement and advocate for ideas.
- Outlines three cognitive components:
  - Meta components for planning and evaluation,
  - Performance components for executing tasks,
  - Knowledge-acquisition components for learning problem-solving techniques, highlighting their interdependence.

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Description

Explore the emergence of cognitive psychology through the views of influential figures like Karl Lashley and Donald Hebb. Learn how their theories challenged behaviorism and reshaped our understanding of the brain's role in behavior and learning.