Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What does the term cognition refer to?
How does the cognitive approach to psychology primarily differ from other approaches?
Who is considered the founder of experimental psychology and introduced introspection?
What concept did Mary Whiton Calkins discover?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the decline of introspection in cognitive psychology signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus focus on in his memory studies?
Signup and view all the answers
How did William James contribute to cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of cognition as described in cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the connectionist approach in cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect is highlighted by modern cognitive psychologists regarding research methods?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does cognitive neuroscience play in the study of cognitive processes?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the computer metaphor relate to human cognition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by 'Zeitgeist' in the context of cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a limitation of traditional memory-studies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the information processing system in cognitive psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What advancement has significantly enhanced understandings in cognitive neuroscience?
Signup and view all the answers
What does divided attention refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
According to research, how does multitasking affect performance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory proposes an early selection filter based on physical characteristics?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Treisman’s Filter Amplitude Theory suggest about attention?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to attentional capacity when the perceptual load is high?
Signup and view all the answers
What phenomenon illustrates the difficulty of processing an unattended message in dichotic listening?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scenario illustrates a high perceptual load?
Signup and view all the answers
When driving, which is a safer communication option according to the content provided?
Signup and view all the answers
What is described as a perspective that constrains alternative approaches to problems?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is recognized as the main proponent of Structuralism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is primarily associated with Structuralism?
Signup and view all the answers
What psychological approach focuses on the processes of the mind rather than its contents?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common problem associated with introspection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of problem is characterized by 'aha moments'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the major criticisms of introspection within Structuralism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which proponent is heavily identified with Functionalism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary focus of the documentary 'What is Reality'?
Signup and view all the answers
Who guides the exploration of the nature of reality in the documentary?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theme suggests our experiences are constructed from sensory input?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of conditions does the film examine to illustrate differences in perception?
Signup and view all the answers
What philosophical concept does the documentary raise questions about?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cognitive Psychology: Definition and Origins
- Cognition refers to mental activities: acquiring, storing, processing, and utilizing knowledge.
- Cognitive processes are constantly active, enabling us to interpret and react to our environment.
- The cognitive approach emphasizes the influence of thoughts and knowledge on behavior.
Influential Origins of Cognitive Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt: Introduced introspection as a method for studying mental processes, but it was later deemed subjective and unreliable.
- Hermann Ebbinghaus: Conducted early systematic memory research using nonsense syllables, exploring factors like retention intervals.
- Mary Whiton Calkins: Discovered the recency effect and advocated for studying cognition in real-world settings.
- William James: Focused on theorizing about everyday experiences, highlighting limitations of artificial memory tasks and promoting the importance of both lab and real-world research.
The Connectionist Approach
- Emphasizes networks of interconnected processing units, similar to neuronal connections in the brain.
- Suggests parallel processing, accounting for the efficiency and speed of human cognition.
Cognitive Neuroscience
- Integrates cognitive psychology with neuroscience to explore the neural basis of cognitive processes.
- Advanced neuroimaging techniques have enhanced our understanding of brain function and its role in cognition.
The Computer Metaphor of the Mind
- Compares human cognition to computer operations, highlighting shared principles like processing and limited capacity.
- Cognitive processes are viewed as information flowing through stages, similar to computer operations.
Zeitgeist in Psychology
- Refers to the prevailing ideas and trends of a particular period and place, influencing various aspects like fashion, generations, and academic thought.
- A mental set is a perspective or set of assumptions that frames problem solving, potentially limiting alternative approaches.
Structuralism
- Mental set: Understanding the mind by analyzing perceptions into their components.
- Method: Introspection.
- Proponent: Wilhelm Wundt.
- Problems: Introspection can be unreliable, cannot access all processes, and overlooks dynamic processes.
Functionalism
- Mental set: Understanding the mind by examining its processes rather than its contents.
- Method: Introspection, observation, experimentation.
- Proponent: William James.
- Heavy reliance on introspection.
Definition of Attention
- Attention is the concentration of awareness on a stimulus, excluding other stimuli.
Divided Attention
- Attempting to pay attention to multiple things simultaneously.
- Examples: multi-tasking (reading and instant messaging), talking on a cell phone while driving.
- Research suggests that multitasking is ineffective, leading to slower reaction times and reduced accuracy.
Measuring Divided Attention (Dichotic Listening)
- Two different messages are presented simultaneously to separate ears.
- Participants are instructed to shadow one message, typically noticing little about the unattended message.
Theories of Attention
- Broadbent’s Filter Theory: An early selective filter based on physical characteristics allows attention to one channel.
- Treisman’s Filter Amplitude Theory: This theory proposes that the filter "turns down" the volume of the unattended channel, rather than completely blocking it.
- Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Theory: All stimuli are processed, but one channel is quickly forgotten.
- Perceptual Load Theory: Attentional capacity is limited, and capacity allocated to the main task depends on its perceptual load.
Visual Search
- The process of finding a target in a visual display containing numerous distractions.
Mind Wandering
- Occurs when attention drifts from the current task towards internal thoughts.
- Research demonstrates that people can be unaware of mind wandering, even when probed.
What is Reality?
- The documentary explores the nature of reality, consciousness, and perception.
- Examines how the brain processes information and constructs our experiences.
- Investigates the relationship between perception and reality.
- Raises questions about free will and the objective nature of reality.
- Features experts from neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy.
- Encourages reflection on our perceptions and the complexities of consciousness.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundational concepts and historical figures that shaped cognitive psychology. Learn about key contributors like Wilhelm Wundt, Hermann Ebbinghaus, and William James, and their influence on understanding cognitive processes. This quiz offers insights into the development of cognitive theories and methodologies.
