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What is one of the major sources of stress linked to having to adapt to new situations?
What is one of the major sources of stress linked to having to adapt to new situations?
Which of the following personal factors is NOT mentioned as affecting stress appraisal?
Which of the following personal factors is NOT mentioned as affecting stress appraisal?
According to the job strain model, what is the relationship between control and demands with respect to strain?
According to the job strain model, what is the relationship between control and demands with respect to strain?
Which stress appraisal factor involves an element of uncertainty regarding a role or potential harm?
Which stress appraisal factor involves an element of uncertainty regarding a role or potential harm?
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What type of conflict involves conflicting motivations, such as wanting to achieve two desirable outcomes?
What type of conflict involves conflicting motivations, such as wanting to achieve two desirable outcomes?
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Which factor is listed as a situation that could elevate stress appraisal due to its timing and importance?
Which factor is listed as a situation that could elevate stress appraisal due to its timing and importance?
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Which of these aspects is NOT associated with job stress?
Which of these aspects is NOT associated with job stress?
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What is the outcome when resources are low and demands are high in the stress model?
What is the outcome when resources are low and demands are high in the stress model?
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What type of cues may lead to action in health behavior change?
What type of cues may lead to action in health behavior change?
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Which factor is NOT included as a modifying factor in the Health Belief Model?
Which factor is NOT included as a modifying factor in the Health Belief Model?
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What is meant by perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?
What is meant by perceived susceptibility in the Health Belief Model?
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What does self-efficacy contribute to in the Revised Health Belief Model?
What does self-efficacy contribute to in the Revised Health Belief Model?
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Which is an example of a demographic variable affecting health behavior?
Which is an example of a demographic variable affecting health behavior?
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The likelihood of taking recommended preventive health action is influenced by perceived benefits and what other factor?
The likelihood of taking recommended preventive health action is influenced by perceived benefits and what other factor?
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What type of cues to action are NOT part of the Health Belief Model?
What type of cues to action are NOT part of the Health Belief Model?
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What aspect of the Health Belief Model did Becker and Rosenstock add in their revision?
What aspect of the Health Belief Model did Becker and Rosenstock add in their revision?
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What does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to in the context of health behaviors?
What does the term 'self-efficacy' refer to in the context of health behaviors?
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How can perceived susceptibility influence health behavior change?
How can perceived susceptibility influence health behavior change?
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Which factor is NOT a part of Bandura's model concerning health behavior?
Which factor is NOT a part of Bandura's model concerning health behavior?
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What is represented by 'perceived barriers' within health behavior theory?
What is represented by 'perceived barriers' within health behavior theory?
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In the context of health behavior, what do 'cues to action' aim to achieve?
In the context of health behavior, what do 'cues to action' aim to achieve?
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Which of the following accurately defines 'perceived severity' in health behavior change?
Which of the following accurately defines 'perceived severity' in health behavior change?
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What role do socio-structural factors play in health behaviors according to Bandura's model?
What role do socio-structural factors play in health behaviors according to Bandura's model?
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What does 'perceived benefits' encompass in the context of health behavior change?
What does 'perceived benefits' encompass in the context of health behavior change?
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What is the primary focus of the health belief model (HBM)?
What is the primary focus of the health belief model (HBM)?
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What does perceived susceptibility refer to in the context of the HBM?
What does perceived susceptibility refer to in the context of the HBM?
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Which component of the HBM evaluates the seriousness of a health issue?
Which component of the HBM evaluates the seriousness of a health issue?
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What do perceived benefits of action help individuals assess in the HBM?
What do perceived benefits of action help individuals assess in the HBM?
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What is an example of perceived costs of action in relation to health behaviors?
What is an example of perceived costs of action in relation to health behaviors?
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In the HBM, what role do perceived cues to action play?
In the HBM, what role do perceived cues to action play?
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Which year was the health belief model initially developed?
Which year was the health belief model initially developed?
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How does the HBM apply to the UAE population?
How does the HBM apply to the UAE population?
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What belief relates to whether an illness can be treated and the extent to which the outcome is controllable?
What belief relates to whether an illness can be treated and the extent to which the outcome is controllable?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three interrelated processes of the Self-Regulatory Model of Illness?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three interrelated processes of the Self-Regulatory Model of Illness?
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What is the initial stage in the Self-Regulatory Model where individuals first confront their illness?
What is the initial stage in the Self-Regulatory Model where individuals first confront their illness?
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Which of these factors is considered part of the representation of a health threat?
Which of these factors is considered part of the representation of a health threat?
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Which type of illness belief focuses on physical, emotional, and social consequences of illness?
Which type of illness belief focuses on physical, emotional, and social consequences of illness?
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What motivates individuals to develop problem-solving techniques according to the Self-Regulatory Model of Illness?
What motivates individuals to develop problem-solving techniques according to the Self-Regulatory Model of Illness?
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In the appraisal stage of the Self-Regulatory Model, what emotional responses are commonly experienced?
In the appraisal stage of the Self-Regulatory Model, what emotional responses are commonly experienced?
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Which belief is associated with the duration of an illness?
Which belief is associated with the duration of an illness?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Model of Stress
- Lazarus & Folkman's Transactional model of stress and coping
- High stress is viewed as a product of high demands and low resources
- Low stress is a product of low demands and high or low resources
Major Sources of Stress
- Frustration is a result of a blocked goal
- Conflict occurs when incompatible motivations exist:
- Approach-approach: choosing between two desirable options
- Approach-avoidance: desire for something, but fear of the consequences
- Avoidance-avoidance: choosing between two undesirable options
- Change requires adaptation:
- Social readjustment and life changes can cause stress
- Pressure to perform or conform can cause stress
Personal Factors Affecting Stress Appraisal
- Intellectual capabilities
- Motivational levels
- Personality traits
- Personal beliefs
Situational Factors Affecting Stress Appraisals
- High demands create stress
- Imminent demands are more stressful
- Life transitions are stressful
- The timing of demands influences stress
- Ambiguity in tasks or consequences leads to stress
- The desirability and controllability of demands influence stress levels
- Behavioral control involves performing an action
- Cognitive control involves using a mental strategy
Job Strain
- High demands and low control cause job strain
Other Aspects of Job Stress
- Poor physical environment
- Poor interpersonal relationships
- Perceived inadequate recognition or advancement opportunities
- Unemployment
- Role conflict
- High responsibility for others
Self-Efficacy
- Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capability to successfully execute a task
- Outcome expectations influence self-efficacy
- Physical expectations
- Social expectations
- Self-evaluative expectations
- Goals and behavior are influenced by self-efficacy
- Sociostructural factors impact self-efficacy
- Facilitators
- Impediments
Health Behavior
- Wellness is a state of overall well-being
- Health behavior is any action taken to maintain, improve, or protect health
The Health Belief Model (HBM)
- The HBM is a model used to understand and promote the uptake of health services.
- The HBM focuses on the individual's beliefs about health risks and behaviors.
Components of the HBM
- Perceived susceptibility to disease: an individual's assessment of their risk
- Perceived severity of disease: an individual's assessment of the seriousness of the condition
- Perceived costs of action: an individual's assessment of the negative consequences of taking action
- Perceived benefits of action: an individual's assessment of the positive consequences of taking action
- Perceived cues to action: factors that trigger action, such as symptoms or health education
Mediating Factors in HBM
- Demographic variables: age, sex, race, ethnicity, occupation
- Socio-psychological variables: socioeconomic status, personality, coping strategies
- Health motivation: individual's drive to achieve a health goal
- Perceived control: individual's self-efficacy
The Revised HBM
- Self-efficacy is added to the model to explain how one's belief in their capabilities influences their behavior.
Illness Representations
- Individuals develop cognitive representations of illness based on their beliefs.
- Illness representation includes:
- Identity: what is the illness?
- Cause: what caused the illness?
- Consequences: what are the potential consequences of the illness?
- Timeline: how long will the illness last?
- Curability & Controllability: can the illness be cured? How much control do I have over the outcome?
The Self-Regulatory Model of Illness
- This model explains how illness cognitions affect coping strategies.
- It is based on the premise that individuals develop problem-solving techniques when their normal state is disrupted.
- The model consists of three stages:
- Stage 1: Interpretation: Initial confrontation with illness, symptom perception and social messages
- Stage 2: Coping: Developing coping strategies, including approach coping and avoidance coping
- Stage 3: Appraisal: Evaluating the effectiveness of coping strategies and adjusting accordingly
Stages of the SRLM
- Stage 1: Interpretation
- Initial confrontation with illness
- Aware of illness through symptom perception or social messages
- Symptom perception, including any deviation from individual's norm
- Stage 2: Coping
- Develop coping strategies, both approach and avoidance
- Stage 3: Appraisal
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of coping strategies
- Emotional response to health threat (fear, anxiety, depression)
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Description
Explore the Cognitive Model of Stress as outlined by Lazarus and Folkman, covering the transactional view of stress and coping mechanisms. Dive into the major sources of stress, including frustration, conflict, and personal factors that influence stress appraisal. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how various demands and resources interact to shape experiences of stress.
