Cognitive Dissonance Theory by Festinger

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What is the main concept behind the Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

The discomfort or anxiety that arises when an individual's attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors are inconsistent with one another. (correct)

The tendency to attribute our own behavior to internal dispositions, but attribute others' behavior to external situational factors.

The idea that people tend to overestimate the role of personality and underestimate the impact of situational factors in shaping behavior.

The process of altering one's attitudes or behaviors to comply with a social norm.

What is the term for the tendency to attribute our own behavior to external situational factors, but attribute others' behavior to internal dispositions?

Fundamental Attribution Error (correct)

Self-Serving Bias

Optimism Bias

Actor-Observer Bias

Why do people often conform to social norms, according to the theory of Normative Influence?

To avoid social rejection and gain social approval (correct)

To obtain accurate information about the world

To avoid cognitive discomfort

To assert their individuality and independence

What is the term for the phenomenon where people tend to attribute their own successes to internal dispositions, but blame external factors for their failures?

Self-Serving Bias Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Asch (1955), what percentage of participants conformed to the group's incorrect judgment at least once?

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of automatically mimicking others' behaviors, which can facilitate empathy and social bonding?

Chameleon Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of attribution theory in social psychology?

To understand why people behave in a certain way Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attribution is more concerned with internal dispositions, such as personality, than external situations?

Dispositional attribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error, as described in the Jones and Davis study?

The tendency to underestimate the role of situation in behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which bias is characterized by attributing success to internal dispositions and failure to external situations?

Self-serving bias Signup and view all the answers

How do individualist societies tend to differ from collectivist societies in terms of attribution?

Individualist societies are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias?

The fundamental attribution error is about other people's behavior, while the self-serving bias is about our own behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that influences obedience to an authority figure?

Legitimate authority figure Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of social loafing?

Decreased sense of accountability among group members Signup and view all the answers

In Milgram's experiment, what percentage of participants complied with the instructions to the highest level of shock?

60% Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to conformity in a group?

Agreement among all other group members Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals underestimate the contributions of others in a group effort?

Underestimation of others' contributions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal factors and one's own failures to external factors?