Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of cognitive dissonance?
What is the primary cause of cognitive dissonance?
Which method is NOT a way to reduce cognitive dissonance?
Which method is NOT a way to reduce cognitive dissonance?
According to Aronson's Insight, when is dissonance the most intense?
According to Aronson's Insight, when is dissonance the most intense?
What is the relationship between the permanence of a decision and dissonance?
What is the relationship between the permanence of a decision and dissonance?
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Which brain region is particularly involved in reward processing during cognitive dissonance?
Which brain region is particularly involved in reward processing during cognitive dissonance?
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What does 'impact bias' refer to in the context of cognitive dissonance?
What does 'impact bias' refer to in the context of cognitive dissonance?
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How does culture influence cognitive dissonance?
How does culture influence cognitive dissonance?
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Which of the following is a consequence of making a difficult decision?
Which of the following is a consequence of making a difficult decision?
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What defines collectivist societies?
What defines collectivist societies?
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Which concept refers to changing oneself to reduce cognitive dissonance?
Which concept refers to changing oneself to reduce cognitive dissonance?
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In counterattitudinal advocacy, what happens when individuals express contradictory beliefs?
In counterattitudinal advocacy, what happens when individuals express contradictory beliefs?
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What is a characteristic of self-persuasion compared to direct persuasion?
What is a characteristic of self-persuasion compared to direct persuasion?
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What happens during insufficient punishment?
What happens during insufficient punishment?
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The discomfort from actions contradicting expressed beliefs is termed as what?
The discomfort from actions contradicting expressed beliefs is termed as what?
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What is the result of a severe punishment or large reward in terms of attitude change?
What is the result of a severe punishment or large reward in terms of attitude change?
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Which of the following best describes external justification?
Which of the following best describes external justification?
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What psychological state leads individuals to adjust their behavior to match their attitudes or change their attitudes to justify past actions?
What psychological state leads individuals to adjust their behavior to match their attitudes or change their attitudes to justify past actions?
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Which of the following describes the role of discomfort in encouraging behavioral change?
Which of the following describes the role of discomfort in encouraging behavioral change?
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In the context of the Hypocrisy Paradigm, what does self-reflection facilitate?
In the context of the Hypocrisy Paradigm, what does self-reflection facilitate?
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How can one effectively apply the Hypocrisy Paradigm in everyday life?
How can one effectively apply the Hypocrisy Paradigm in everyday life?
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What impact does self-justification have on how we feel about others?
What impact does self-justification have on how we feel about others?
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Which of the following is a potential outcome of recognizing discrepancies between beliefs and actions?
Which of the following is a potential outcome of recognizing discrepancies between beliefs and actions?
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What is the primary function of feedback in the action plan to promote change?
What is the primary function of feedback in the action plan to promote change?
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Which practice is recommended for fostering healthier choices according to the action plan?
Which practice is recommended for fostering healthier choices according to the action plan?
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What does the Ben Franklin Effect suggest about performing favors for others?
What does the Ben Franklin Effect suggest about performing favors for others?
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How do cultures typically dehumanize their enemies?
How do cultures typically dehumanize their enemies?
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Why do individuals feel a strong need to justify their decisions after investing heavily in them?
Why do individuals feel a strong need to justify their decisions after investing heavily in them?
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What can help individuals overcome the cycle of self-justification?
What can help individuals overcome the cycle of self-justification?
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Which statement accurately describes the process of dehumanization?
Which statement accurately describes the process of dehumanization?
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What is a potential negative consequence of spending excessive time defending one's ego?
What is a potential negative consequence of spending excessive time defending one's ego?
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What is the primary effect of performing a kind act according to the Ben Franklin Effect?
What is the primary effect of performing a kind act according to the Ben Franklin Effect?
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What role does blame shifting play in the context of dehumanization?
What role does blame shifting play in the context of dehumanization?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Dissonance: The discomfort experienced when beliefs and behaviors clash.
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Ways to Reduce Dissonance:
- Change behavior: Align actions with beliefs.
- Justify behavior: Modify beliefs to fit actions.
- Add cognitions: Introduce new thoughts to rationalize behavior.
- Impact Bias: Overestimating future negative event pain, which reduces dissonance reduction.
Dissonance and Self-Concept
- Festinger's Theory: Conflicting thoughts (cognitions) cause dissonance.
- Aronson's Insight: Dissonance is most intense when self-esteem is threatened.
Decision-Making and Dissonance
- Postdecision Dissonance: Discomfort after a difficult choice, especially when consequences are significant.
- Permanence of Decisions: The more important the decision, the greater the dissonance.
- Illusion of Irrevocability: Feeling like a decision cannot be undone, increases dissonance.
- Behaving Immorally: Choices are influenced by discomfort, moral and ethical concerns, and the need to justify actions.
Dissonance and the Brain
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Neuroscience Studies: fMRI reveals brain activity during dissonance.
- Striatum: Involved in reward processing.
- Prefrontal Complex: Crucial for planning and decision-making.
Dissonance Across Cultures
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Dissonance is Universal: Occurs in many cultures, but variations exist based on cultural values.
- Collectivist Societies: Group needs prioritized over individual needs.
- Individualist Societies: Personal goals and desires are more important.
Justification Effort
- Justification Effort: Increasing liking for something achieved through hard work.
- External Justification: Reasons for dissonant behavior existing outside the individual.
- Internal Justification: Reducing dissonance by changing something about oneself.
Counterattitudinal Advocacy
- Counterattitudinal Advocacy: Expressing opinions contrary to true beliefs.
- Self-Persuasion: Beliefs aligning with expressed opinions, especially when external justification is absent.
Punishment and Self-Persuasion
- Self-Persuasion's Lasting Effects: More permanent than direct persuasion, internal change happens.
- Insufficient Punishment: Dissonance from resisting a desired activity without sufficient external justification.
- Tangible Rewards and Punishments: Large rewards or severe punishments lead to compliance, while small rewards or lighter punishments cause permanent attitude changes.
Hypocrisy Paradigm
- Hypocrisy Paradigm: Discomfort arising from incongruence between behaviors and expressed beliefs.
- Resolving Inconsistencies: Actions align with attitudes, or attitudes change to justify past actions.
- Turning Intentions into Actions: Recognizing the gap between beliefs and actions promotes change.
Justifying Good Deeds and Harmful Acts
- Behavior Affecting Liking: Treating people well increases liking, while mistreating them can make them less desirable.
- The Ben Franklin Effect: Doing a favor for someone increases liking.
- Dehumanizing the Enemy: Justifying cruelty by labeling enemies negatively or comparing them to non-human entities.
Learning from Our Mistakes
- Justifying Investments: People need to justify their actions and investments.
- Ego Defense: Focusing on ego defense can hinder learning from mistakes.
- Overcoming Dissonance: Become aware of justification tendencies to break the cycle and learn from mistakes.
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Description
Explore the concept of cognitive dissonance, including its definition, effects on self-concept, and strategies for reducing dissonance. Learn about Festinger's theory, the impact of decision-making, and how self-esteem plays a crucial role in the experience of dissonance.
