Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of recent US college seniors graduated with student loan debt in 2017?

65% (correct)

80%

75%

50%

Which state had the highest average college debt reported in 2017?

Texas

Utah

California

Connecticut (correct)

Which country has the highest college graduation rate?

Australia

United States

Mexico

Canada (correct)

What was the average student loan debt for US college seniors in 2017?

$28,650 Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has the highest percentage of high school diplomas in Connecticut?

25-34 Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the US are low-debt states mainly located?

West Signup and view all the answers

What was the average college debt in Utah as reported?

$18,850 Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic has shown increased high school graduation rates recently in Mexico?

25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the average median debt for a doctoral degree?

$95,715 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of college-educated adults are employed worldwide?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What positive impact does higher education have on parents according to the information?

Enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of career development do children often consider careers based on glamour?

Stage One Signup and view all the answers

Which group has the highest average median earnings according to the content?

Those with a professional degree Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the third stage of career development in emerging adults?

Weighing requirements and rewards Signup and view all the answers

What is a noted financial trend regarding advanced degrees in America?

Highest income potential Signup and view all the answers

What happens in Stage Two of career development?

Teens include abilities and limitations Signup and view all the answers

Which occupation has the highest average yearly earnings?

Software Developer Signup and view all the answers

Which occupation is the most dangerous according to the data?

Tree Trimmer Signup and view all the answers

What was the rank of farm and ranch animal workers in terms of danger?

3rd Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occupations is NOT among the top 5 most dangerous?

Electrical Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Which occupation has an average yearly earning closest to $60,000?

Police Officer Signup and view all the answers

In 2021, how many job-related fatalities occurred?

Almost 5200 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occupations has the highest average yearly earning among janitors and construction workers?

Construction Worker Signup and view all the answers

What acronym describes young people who are neither employed nor in education or training?

NEETs Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between dialectical thinking and personality traits according to the studies mentioned?

Individuals with high dialectical thinking also tend to have higher openness and conscientiousness. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is NOT an aspect of dialectical thinking?

Regulating emotions without acknowledging them. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best illustrates the principle of 'both-and' thinking in dialectical thinking?

The client is doing their best and also needs to improve. Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential component of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy according to Linehan?

Integrating multiple opposite truths into therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'transactional change' in the context of dialectical thinking?

Individuals influence their environments while being influenced by them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skills is emphasized as necessary for developing self-regulation in dialectical thinking?

Understanding and practicing dialectical reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the concept of emotion regulation paired with emotion acceptance?

Accept that emotions exist while learning to manage them effectively. Signup and view all the answers

How is creativity connected to dialectical thinking as per the studies discussed?

Dialectical thinkers tend to exhibit higher levels of creativity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason women often select lower-paying jobs?

Desire for non-wage benefits Signup and view all the answers

What does the Sticky Floor Effect refer to?

Women remaining in low-paying jobs with limited mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the Glass Ceiling Effect?

Difficulty women face in obtaining executive positions Signup and view all the answers

What does the Glass Cliff Effect illustrate about women in leadership roles?

They are more likely to lead in high-risk situations Signup and view all the answers

How much of the executive positions in the U.S. labor force do women hold?

29.1% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to the wage gap experienced by women?

Higher educational attainment Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the lack of human capital have on women's career advancement?

Limits reputation building and networking Signup and view all the answers

In developing nations, what factors are often interrelated with women's limited opportunities?

Employment opportunities and education access Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern regarding economically inactive young people?

They may not gain critical job skills necessary for integration into the economy. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic in the United States had the highest percentage of NEETs in 2017?

Young women aged 15-29 Signup and view all the answers

How do NEET rates correlate with a country's economic condition?

Higher NEET rates are found in nations severely affected by economic recessions. Signup and view all the answers

Which job sectors predominantly employ women according to the content?

Service sector, including education and nursing Signup and view all the answers

What disadvantage do women often face in professions such as medicine and law?

They are more likely to choose lower-paying specialties. Signup and view all the answers

What defines gender discrimination?

It is the unequal treatment based on gender. Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group is less likely to be NEET in the United States?

Asians Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gender differences in career choices, why do women tend to have lower status jobs?

They face barriers in entering male-dominated industries. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Early Adulthood: Cognitive Development

Cognitive development continues during early adulthood, characterized by the ability to think abstractly in WEIRD nations
Abstract thinking involves understanding concepts that exist independently of direct experience, such as humor, success, and justice.
30-year-olds are more practical and realistic than 15-year-olds due to life experiences, enabling them to make better choices.
Postformal thought involves recognizing both right and wrong in viewpoints, as well as acknowledging that not every idea is universally true. This aspect is essential to dialectical thought
Formal thought (in adolescents) focuses on fundamental, unchanging realities, whereas postformal thought emphasizes change, perspectives, and interconnectedness.
Formal operational thinking is necessary for individuals to use dialectical thinking to appreciate and synthesize contradictory ideas.
Higher levels of dialectical thinking are associated with personality traits like openness to experience and conscientiousness, as well as increased creativity and emotional regulation.

How to Think and Act Dialectically

Recognize that multiple perspectives exist for any situation.
Avoid extreme positions; instead, focus on finding common ground between opposites.
Acknowledge the interconnectedness between oneself and others. Treat others as you wish to be treated.
Embrace change and find acceptance within it.
Understand that actions and behaviors have consequences, and that everything is interconnected and caused.
Be mindful of your impact on others and how they influence you.

Finishing Education and Settling into a Career

High school graduation rates have steadily increased in the U.S., with variations in specific states.
College graduation rates in the U.S. are higher than in many other countries, with Canada having the highest college graduation rate and Mexico having the lowest.
Graduating seniors face increasing student loan debt, with average debt levels fluctuating annually.
Graduate degrees are correlated with significant student loan debt for students in the medical field, including master's degrees ($42,335) and doctoral/professional degrees ($95,715 and $141,000).
College-educated individuals earn more throughout their careers compared to those with high school or less education, globally and in the US.
Factors like education levels influence individual qualities (e.g., social competence, reduced dogmatism, and ethnocentrism), promoting worldly views and engagement.

Career Development and Employment

Career development progresses through stages.
In stage one, children are captivated by glamorous aspects of careers.
In stage two, teenagers consider their abilities and limitations with choices.
In stage three, older teens and emerging adults weigh career requirements, rewards, and downsides, aligning them with personal interests, values, and future aspirations.
In stage four, some adults settle into their careers in their thirties with continuous progress, while others find themselves in dead-end jobs.
Recent years have shown a pattern of increased job-hopping and returns to education among young adults; however, occupation-related interests often remain consistent.
Millennials have demonstrated characteristics such as a desire for meaning, and engagement at work.
Many occupations do not necessitate a four-year degree, but educational attainment often correlates with higher salaries.
High-risk occupations such as truck drivers, tree trimmers, loggers, and commercial pilots are notable examples, with fatal accidents remaining high.

Most Common and Most Dangerous Occupations

Occupations that do not require a bachelor's degree are frequently among the most common jobs.
Dangerous occupations often lack formal education requirements and can include truck driving, tree trimming, logging, etc.

Gender and Career Choices

Gender plays a role in shaping career choices.
Women tend to cluster in service sectors (education, nursing, and childcare), whereas men dominate technical and scientific fields.
Women in these traditionally male-dominated fields often face lower pay, status, and career advancement opportunities.
Gender discrimination frequently occurs when professions are predominantly male.
Despite having more women in the workforce, women are significantly underpaid for the same labor compared to men.
The number of NEETs (Not Engaged in Education, Employment or Training) varies across nations and genders, with women being more likely to be NEETs.
Women's career paths are often interrupted by childbirth; therefore, career-related opportunities may not emerge at the same rate as men.

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Description

This quiz explores cognitive development during early adulthood, emphasizing the transition from formal operational thought to postformal thought. It highlights changes in abstract thinking, decision-making, and the ability to recognize multiple perspectives. Test your understanding of these crucial developmental concepts.