19 Questions
What is the tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation Bias
What is the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions or judgments?
Anchoring Bias
What is the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that it was predictable and that one would have predicted it?
Hindsight Bias
What is the tendency to overestimate the importance or likelihood of information that is readily available?
Availability Heuristic
What is the tendency of people who are incompetent in a particular domain to overestimate their own abilities and performance?
Dunning-Kruger Effect
Which bias involves ignoring or dismissing contradictory information?
Confirmation Bias
What is the result of the tendency to overestimate the degree to which an event was predictable?
Overconfidence
Which bias involves judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?
Availability Heuristic
What is the result of the tendency of people who are incompetent in a particular domain to overestimate their own abilities and performance?
Overconfidence
What is the primary consequence of confirmation bias?
Selective memory and biased information processing
Which cognitive bias is most likely to occur when an individual is inexperienced in a particular domain?
Dunning-Kruger effect
What is the primary driving factor behind the availability heuristic?
The ease of recalling examples
Which cognitive bias is most closely related to the concept of 'cherry-picking' data?
Confirmation bias
What is the primary consequence of the anchoring bias?
Over-reliance on the initial piece of information
Which cognitive bias is most closely related to the statement 'I knew it all along'?
Hindsight bias
What is the primary driving factor behind the Dunning-Kruger effect?
Lack of experience in a particular domain
Which cognitive bias is most closely related to the concept of 'selective memory'?
Confirmation bias
What is the primary consequence of the availability heuristic?
Overestimation of the importance or frequency of information
Which cognitive bias is most closely related to the concept of 'initial value'?
Anchoring bias
Study Notes
Cognitive Biases
Cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking and decision-making that affect individuals' perceptions, judgments, and behaviors.
Confirmation Bias
- The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses
- Ignoring or dismissing contradictory information
- Can lead to:
- Selective perception
- Closed-mindedness
- Polarization
Anchoring Bias
- The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions or judgments
- Anchors can be arbitrary or irrelevant
- Can lead to:
- Inaccurate estimates
- Poor decision-making
- Inconsistencies
Hindsight Bias
- The tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that it was predictable and that one would have predicted it
- Overestimation of the degree to which an event was predictable
- Can lead to:
- Overconfidence
- Lack of learning from experience
- Unrealistic expectations
Availability Heuristic
- The tendency to overestimate the importance or likelihood of information that is readily available
- Judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind
- Can lead to:
- Overestimation of risks
- Misjudging probabilities
- Biased decision-making
Dunning-Kruger Effect
- The tendency of people who are incompetent in a particular domain to overestimate their own abilities and performance
- Lack of self-awareness and knowledge in a specific area
- Can lead to:
- Overconfidence
- Poor decision-making
- Inadequate performance
Learn about common cognitive biases that affect human judgment and decision-making, including confirmation bias, anchoring bias, hindsight bias, availability heuristic, and the Dunning-Kruger effect.
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