Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is cognitive bias primarily characterized by?
What is cognitive bias primarily characterized by?
- A balanced judgment process
- An accurate assessment of situations
- A systematic error in judgment (correct)
- An objective decision-making process
Which type of cognitive bias involves attributing others' successes to luck?
Which type of cognitive bias involves attributing others' successes to luck?
- Confirmation bias
- External attribution bias
- Self-serving bias (correct)
- Actor-observer bias
What does the actor-observer bias suggest about negative events?
What does the actor-observer bias suggest about negative events?
- They can be attributed to one's own behavior.
- They are always due to external circumstances.
- They are a reflection of personal flaws.
- They are often blamed on others' behavior. (correct)
Which of the following is an example of cognitive bias in decision-making?
Which of the following is an example of cognitive bias in decision-making?
What does confirmation bias encourage individuals to do?
What does confirmation bias encourage individuals to do?
How does cognitive bias typically affect conclusions drawn by individuals?
How does cognitive bias typically affect conclusions drawn by individuals?
Which thought pattern exemplifies the idea that 'everyone is responsible for their behavior, except me'?
Which thought pattern exemplifies the idea that 'everyone is responsible for their behavior, except me'?
What is a common misconception associated with cognitive bias?
What is a common misconception associated with cognitive bias?
Which bias involves a person's belief that their own perspective is the norm?
Which bias involves a person's belief that their own perspective is the norm?
What effect does cognitive bias have on the perception of news sources?
What effect does cognitive bias have on the perception of news sources?
What is optimism bias?
What is optimism bias?
How does self-serving bias influence an individual's perspective on success or failure?
How does self-serving bias influence an individual's perspective on success or failure?
What characterizes the Dunning-Kruger effect?
What characterizes the Dunning-Kruger effect?
What is a stereotype?
What is a stereotype?
What is the difference between prejudice and stereotyping?
What is the difference between prejudice and stereotyping?
What can lead to prejudice in individuals?
What can lead to prejudice in individuals?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies self-serving bias?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies self-serving bias?
Why might someone engage in optimism bias regarding health risks?
Why might someone engage in optimism bias regarding health risks?
What is the primary effect of anchoring bias on decision-making?
What is the primary effect of anchoring bias on decision-making?
Which of the following best describes attentional bias?
Which of the following best describes attentional bias?
How does confirmation bias impact our information-seeking behavior?
How does confirmation bias impact our information-seeking behavior?
What is a common misconception associated with false-consensus bias?
What is a common misconception associated with false-consensus bias?
Which example illustrates attentional bias the most clearly?
Which example illustrates attentional bias the most clearly?
In what situation would anchoring bias most likely result in a poor decision?
In what situation would anchoring bias most likely result in a poor decision?
What might be a typical reaction of someone influenced by confirmation bias?
What might be a typical reaction of someone influenced by confirmation bias?
How can false-consensus bias affect social interactions?
How can false-consensus bias affect social interactions?
Flashcards
Cognitive Bias
Cognitive Bias
A systematic error in judgment and decision-making, leading to inaccurate conclusions.
Confirmation Bias
Confirmation Bias
Seeking information that confirms existing beliefs and ignoring contradicting evidence.
Actor-Observer Bias
Actor-Observer Bias
Attributing others' actions to their personality but your own to external factors.
Optimism Bias
Optimism Bias
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Self-Serving Bias
Self-Serving Bias
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Dunning-Kruger Effect
Dunning-Kruger Effect
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Anchoring Bias
Anchoring Bias
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Attentional Bias
Attentional Bias
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False-Consensus Bias
False-Consensus Bias
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Stereotyping
Stereotyping
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Prejudice
Prejudice
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Discrimination
Discrimination
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Study Notes
Cognitive Bias
- A systematic error in judgment and decision-making.
- Leads to inaccurate or unreasonable conclusions.
Examples of Cognitive Bias
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Confirmation Bias: Seeking information that supports existing beliefs while dismissing evidence that contradicts them.
- Example: A person who doesn't believe in climate change will only seek out information that supports their belief.
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Actor-Observer Bias: Tendency to attribute negative events to others' behavior but not to your own.
- Example: Seeing a car accident, a person may blame the driver but not consider their own actions.
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Optimism Bias: Overestimating the likelihood of experiencing positive events and underestimating negative ones.
- Example: A person may smoke despite knowing the health risks, believing they are not susceptible to cancer.
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Self-Serving Bias: Attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
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Dunning-Kruger Effect: Overestimating one's knowledge or ability, especially in areas with limited knowledge or experience.
- This is due to a lack of knowledge about a subject, poor self-awareness, and low cognitive ability.
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Anchoring Bias: Clinging to the first piece of information received to base decisions upon. It can be difficult to modify this anchor with new information.
- Example: A person told to wait 30 minutes for a reservation will find 35 minutes frustrating.
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Attentional Bias: Perception of the world is influenced strongly by reoccurring thoughts – what we pay attention to.
- Can lead to poor decision-making as we do not weigh all the pros and cons.
- Example: Most planes are safe, but one plane crash can lead someone to believe that flying in dangerous.
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False-Consensus Bias: Overestimating the extent to which other people are like you, think like you, and act like you.
- People assume others are more like them than they actually are.
- Example: Making racist or sexist comments, assuming friends won't find it offensive.
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Stereotyping (the belief): Believing that people belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences.
- Example: A person having a good car and being wealthy is considered selfish.
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Prejudice (the attitude): Holding a positive or negative attitude towards members of a group based solely on their group membership.
- Example: Women, men, race, or religion.
- Stereotyping can lead to prejudice.
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