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What type of memory is defined as relatively permanent and limitless?
What type of memory is defined as relatively permanent and limitless?
Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
What is the term for the sensory memory of visual stimuli?
What is the term for the sensory memory of visual stimuli?
Which memory type deals with skills and learned associations that are often performed unconsciously?
Which memory type deals with skills and learned associations that are often performed unconsciously?
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An example of episodic memory is:
An example of episodic memory is:
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Which of the following techniques is considered a mnemonic device?
Which of the following techniques is considered a mnemonic device?
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Which type of memory requires conscious thought for retrieval?
Which type of memory requires conscious thought for retrieval?
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What does echoic memory specifically concern?
What does echoic memory specifically concern?
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What forms the basis of semantic memory?
What forms the basis of semantic memory?
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How many of the Seven Dwarfs can be named requires which type of memory?
How many of the Seven Dwarfs can be named requires which type of memory?
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What does the term 'mood congruence' refer to in memory recall?
What does the term 'mood congruence' refer to in memory recall?
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Which of the following best describes the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?
Which of the following best describes the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?
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What is an example of proactive interference?
What is an example of proactive interference?
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What is characterized by an inability to form new memories following an incident?
What is characterized by an inability to form new memories following an incident?
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What cognitive phenomenon explains the tendency to best remember items at the end of a list?
What cognitive phenomenon explains the tendency to best remember items at the end of a list?
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What does 'flashbulb memory' refer to?
What does 'flashbulb memory' refer to?
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Which type of memory loss involves forgetting past events but being able to form new memories?
Which type of memory loss involves forgetting past events but being able to form new memories?
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What is meant by the term 'false memory'?
What is meant by the term 'false memory'?
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What describes the process of activating particular associations in memory unconsciously?
What describes the process of activating particular associations in memory unconsciously?
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How does shallow processing differ from deeper processing in memory retention?
How does shallow processing differ from deeper processing in memory retention?
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Which type of memory specifically deals with retained facts and general knowledge?
Which type of memory specifically deals with retained facts and general knowledge?
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What is the primary function of mnemonic devices?
What is the primary function of mnemonic devices?
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In which memory type is the retrieval of learned skills and associations primarily involved?
In which memory type is the retrieval of learned skills and associations primarily involved?
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Which component of memory refers to the retention of information that is retrieved unconsciously?
Which component of memory refers to the retention of information that is retrieved unconsciously?
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What is illustrated by the concept of iconic memory?
What is illustrated by the concept of iconic memory?
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What distinguishes episodic memory from semantic memory?
What distinguishes episodic memory from semantic memory?
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Which type of memory lasts only a few seconds and is reliant on immediate sensory perception?
Which type of memory lasts only a few seconds and is reliant on immediate sensory perception?
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What kind of memory is often involved when recalling your first day of school?
What kind of memory is often involved when recalling your first day of school?
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Which aspect characterizes the difference between long-term memory and short-term memory?
Which aspect characterizes the difference between long-term memory and short-term memory?
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What phenomenon describes the tendency to remember the end of a list more effectively?
What phenomenon describes the tendency to remember the end of a list more effectively?
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Which type of amnesia involves an inability to recall memories from the past?
Which type of amnesia involves an inability to recall memories from the past?
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In the context of memory, what does proactive interference refer to?
In the context of memory, what does proactive interference refer to?
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What type of memory is characterized by vivid recollections of emotionally significant events?
What type of memory is characterized by vivid recollections of emotionally significant events?
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Which phenomenon describes the tendency to recall experiences that match one's current emotional state?
Which phenomenon describes the tendency to recall experiences that match one's current emotional state?
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Which effect occurs when one recalls the first items in a sequence more accurately than those in the middle?
Which effect occurs when one recalls the first items in a sequence more accurately than those in the middle?
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What does the term 'false memory' refer to?
What does the term 'false memory' refer to?
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Ebbinghaus is known for his research on which aspect of memory?
Ebbinghaus is known for his research on which aspect of memory?
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What is the process called that activates particular associations in memory without conscious awareness?
What is the process called that activates particular associations in memory without conscious awareness?
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Which term describes the memory loss that occurs as a result of an injury or illness?
Which term describes the memory loss that occurs as a result of an injury or illness?
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Which phenomenon describes the tendency to remember information presented at the end of a list more effectively than information presented in the middle?
Which phenomenon describes the tendency to remember information presented at the end of a list more effectively than information presented in the middle?
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What does mood congruence refer to in the context of memory recall?
What does mood congruence refer to in the context of memory recall?
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Which type of amnesia involves the loss of the ability to form new memories after an incident?
Which type of amnesia involves the loss of the ability to form new memories after an incident?
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What does the term 'false memory' imply in psychological terms?
What does the term 'false memory' imply in psychological terms?
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Which interference type is described as disrupting the retrieval of new information due to old memories?
Which interference type is described as disrupting the retrieval of new information due to old memories?
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Ebbinghaus's research contributed to understanding what aspect of memory?
Ebbinghaus's research contributed to understanding what aspect of memory?
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What is the process called that activates particular associations in memory without conscious awareness?
What is the process called that activates particular associations in memory without conscious awareness?
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Which term is used to describe the tendency to recall experiences that are congruent with one's current emotional state?
Which term is used to describe the tendency to recall experiences that are congruent with one's current emotional state?
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What is characterized by the tendency to recall the first items in a sequence more accurately than those in the middle?
What is characterized by the tendency to recall the first items in a sequence more accurately than those in the middle?
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What defines a flashbulb memory?
What defines a flashbulb memory?
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What type of memory involves recalling information that is not currently in your consciousness?
What type of memory involves recalling information that is not currently in your consciousness?
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Which of the following memory types is primarily focused on previously experienced events?
Which of the following memory types is primarily focused on previously experienced events?
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What is a primary characteristic of iconic memory?
What is a primary characteristic of iconic memory?
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Which memory aid utilizes the association of information with acronyms or phrases?
Which memory aid utilizes the association of information with acronyms or phrases?
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Which type of memory is least likely to be consciously retrieved?
Which type of memory is least likely to be consciously retrieved?
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Which example best illustrates procedural memory?
Which example best illustrates procedural memory?
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Which component of memory is characterized by its ephemeral retention of sensory information?
Which component of memory is characterized by its ephemeral retention of sensory information?
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What distinguishes semantic memory from episodic memory?
What distinguishes semantic memory from episodic memory?
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What type of memory primarily involves the retention of skills and habits?
What type of memory primarily involves the retention of skills and habits?
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Which phenomenon would most likely influence memory recall based on emotional states?
Which phenomenon would most likely influence memory recall based on emotional states?
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Study Notes
Cognition: Memory
- Memory is the persistent encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
- Memory is measured by:
- Recall: Retrieving information not currently in conscious awareness.
- Recognition: Identifying previously encountered information.
Memory Types
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Sensory Memory:
- Iconic Memory: Visual sensory memory.
- Echoic Memory: Auditory sensory memory.
- Short-Term Memory: Limited capacity, temporary storage.
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Long-Term Memory: Relatively permanent, limitless capacity.
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Explicit Memory: Consciously retrieved facts and experiences.
- Semantic Memory: Facts and general knowledge (e.g., historical dates, phone numbers).
- Episodic Memory: Experienced events (e.g., first day of school).
- Implicit Memory: Unconsciously retrieved learned skills or associations.
- Procedural Memory: Retrieving learned skills (e.g., playing a musical instrument, tying your shoelaces).
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Explicit Memory: Consciously retrieved facts and experiences.
Enhancing Memory
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Mnemonics: Memory aids (e.g., acronyms, chunking, rhymes).
- Examples: ROY G BIV, NFL, PEMDAS
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Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
- Example: 5617650987 → 561-765-0987
- Spacing Effect: Study sessions spread out over time are more effective than cramming.
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Testing Effect: Self-testing improves memory.
- Deeper understanding than simply re-reading material.
- Shallow Processing: Memorization based on superficial features.
- Flashbulb Memory: Vivid, enduring memory associated with significant and emotional events. Often includes details of the individual's location, actions, and emotional state during the event.
- Mood Congruence: The tendency to recall experiences consistent with one's current emotional state.
- Priming: Activation of specific associations in memory, often unconsciously.
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Serial Position Effect:
- Recency Effect: Better memory of items at the end of a list.
- Primacy Effect: Better memory of items at the beginning of a list.
Forgetting and Memory Loss
- Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve: Forgetting of information decreases over time.
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Amnesia: Memory loss.
- Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to form new memories.
- Retrograde Amnesia: Inability to retrieve old memories.
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Interference: Inability to recall memories due to competing information.
- Proactive Interference: Forward-acting interference, old information interferes with new.
- Retroactive Interference: Backward-acting interference, new information interferes with old.
- False Memories: Apparent recollection of events that did not occur.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of memory in this quiz focused on cognition. Learn about the different types of memory such as sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Understand key concepts like recall, recognition, explicit, and implicit memory.
