Cognition and Attention Processes Quiz

The study of how people think and use knowledge. It explores how individuals organize their thoughts and process information.

The process of attending to and remembering certain stimuli more than others.

A type of attention process where individual sensory elements combine to form larger items. Information from the environment is used to build perceptions based on what we are currently experiencing.

A type of attention process where prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations guide the interpretation of incoming information. Our understanding is shaped by what we already know.

A type of attention process where visual information immediately stands out.

This is a key part of attention that plays a crucial role in our ability to perceive the world around us.

It refers to the ability to attend to multiple stimuli at once. It is a key skill in various tasks, including studying, driving, and multitasking.

A type of attention that involves focusing on one specific source of information and excluding other stimuli. It is necessary for tasks that demand concentration, such as reading or listening to a lecture.

A mental process that involves searching through a set of items to find a specific one.

Grouping similar items together based on shared characteristics.

The tendency to rely heavily on categories, which can sometimes lead to inaccurate conclusions about individuals or ideas.

A familiar and typical example of a category that serves as a benchmark for comparison.

The activation of one concept triggers the activation of related concepts.

The process of identifying and classifying items based on their characteristics.

Items that clearly belong to a category based on their similarity to the prototype.

Items that do not fit neatly into a category because they lack key characteristics of the prototype.

The activation of one concept automatically triggers the activation of related concepts in our minds.

The exposure to a stimulus unconsciously influences subsequent behaviour.

The processing of information that is quick, automatic, and effortless. It's used for familiar tasks and simple questions.

The processing of information that is slow, deliberate, and effortful. It's used for complex calculations, evaluating evidence, and tasks that require focused attention.

A type of cognitive processing associated with simple tasks like recognizing faces or performing routine actions.

A type of cognitive processing requiring more effort and attention, like solving complex math problems.

A type of thinking that relies on intuition, heuristics, and past experiences. It's fast and effortless but can lead to biases.

A type of thinking that relies on logical reasoning and evidence. It's slow and effortful but more likely to be accurate.

The tendency to continue investing in a project or situation even when it's clear it's not working, because of the time, effort, or money already put into it.

People who are highly skilled in a specific area, able to solve problems quickly and accurately, and recognize patterns with ease.

The ability experts have to quickly identify the key features of a pattern or situation, even if it's complex.

Knowledge gained from practicing in one area helps you with a similar but new skill.

Knowledge from one area helps you with a completely different and unrelated skill.

The ability of human language to create an endless number of new expressions and ideas.

A system of communication used by animals, but unlike human language, it lacks the ability to create endless new combinations of meaning.

The ability of human language to represent complex thoughts and ideas through sounds and symbols.

A condition where someone has difficulty speaking fluently due to damage in Broca's area, a region in the brain responsible for language production.

A condition marked by difficulty understanding language due to damage in Wernicke's area, a region crucial for language comprehension.

The ability to understand and produce language effectively, which involves various brain regions beyond just Broca's and Wernicke's.

The stage of language development where a child starts making random vocalizations, exploring sounds without much meaning.

The stage of language development where a child starts babbling, producing sounds closer to those of their native language.

The stage of language development where a child starts understanding simple words and using them in limited ways, often with gestures.

The stage of language development where a child starts combining words into short phrases, though sentences may not be grammatically perfect.

Learning and using two languages simultaneously. This can lead to improved attention control and cognitive flexibility.

Bilingual people have the same brain areas activated for both languages, not separate ones.

A person who speaks two or more languages can communicate with a wider range of people.

"Desert" could mean a dry area or the act of leaving someone, depending on the context.

Understanding a sentence requires not only language knowledge, but also background knowledge about the world.

The word 'it' in each sentence refers to a different thing based on our understanding of the context.

The meaning of a word can vary depending on the location, for example, a "football coach" in England is different from one in the U.S.

Knowing multiple languages can improve your ability to focus and control your attention.

Children learning two languages often take longer to master both compared to children learning only one language.