Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a potential side effect of Methylphenidate when used as a CNS stimulant?
What is a potential side effect of Methylphenidate when used as a CNS stimulant?
Which of the following medications is considered a non-stimulant for ADHD treatment?
Which of the following medications is considered a non-stimulant for ADHD treatment?
What is a common side effect associated with Clonidine?
What is a common side effect associated with Clonidine?
Which medication should not be taken during alcohol withdrawal due to seizure risk?
Which medication should not be taken during alcohol withdrawal due to seizure risk?
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Which medication is used as a full opioid agonist for withdrawal treatment?
Which medication is used as a full opioid agonist for withdrawal treatment?
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What symptom is commonly associated with methadone use?
What symptom is commonly associated with methadone use?
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How should nicotine gum be properly used to aid in quitting smoking?
How should nicotine gum be properly used to aid in quitting smoking?
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Which of the following medications reduces cravings for alcohol?
Which of the following medications reduces cravings for alcohol?
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Study Notes
CNS Stimulants
- Risk factors include abuse, misuse, growth suppression, mania, psychosis, hallucinations, and decreased neutrophils.
- Methylphenidate comes in short-acting (immediate release), taken 2-3 times daily, and intermediate/long-acting forms, including transdermal.
- Dextroamphetamine and dextroamphetamine-amphetamine combinations (Adderall) are also CNS stimulants.
Non-Stimulant
- Atomoxetine is an SNRI (second-line treatment if stimulants are poorly tolerated or cause significant side effects).
- Side effects of atomoxetine include hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues, including erectile dysfunction.
- Antihypertensive medications (alpha agonists) like clonidine and guanfacine are used to manage side effects such as hypotension, drowsiness, and rebound hypertension (withdrawal). Other uncommon side effects include cardiac issues like AV block.
Substance Use Disorder Medications (Alcohol Withdrawal)
- Bupropion is contraindicated during alcohol withdrawal due to seizure risk.
- Naltrexone is a medication that, when taken orally or by injection(IM), can reduce cravings for alcohol and decrease alcohol's effects while also working to reduce the likelihood of relapse. While generally well-tolerated, some gastrointestinal effects and effects on liver function tests (LFT) are possible.
- Disulfiram causes discomfort (nausea, vomiting) when alcohol is consumed, which discourages alcohol use.
- Acamprosate is dosed 3 times per day and is less commonly utilized than other alternatives.
Opioid Withdrawal Medications
- Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used mainly for overdose reversal; it has poor oral availability.
- Methadone is a full opioid agonist used in opioid withdrawal treatment and chronic pain management. It has a long half-life and may require close monitoring, being started low and titrated upward. Side effects include respiratory depression, constipation, sedation, and hyperhidrosis. Should not be used if QTc prolongation is present.
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Description
This quiz covers key information about central nervous system (CNS) stimulants and non-stimulant medications, including their risk factors, side effects, and examples. Test your knowledge on medications such as methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and the treatment of substance use disorders. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare fields.
