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Questions and Answers
What effect does cocaine have on the dopamine transporter?
What effect does cocaine have on the dopamine transporter?
Which of the following is a positive effect of cannabinoids?
Which of the following is a positive effect of cannabinoids?
What is a reported negative effect of cannabis use?
What is a reported negative effect of cannabis use?
What is a characteristic of hyoscine as a CNS depressant?
What is a characteristic of hyoscine as a CNS depressant?
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What is one of the toxic effects of Conium, also known as Hemlock?
What is one of the toxic effects of Conium, also known as Hemlock?
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What type of stimulant is picrotoxin classified as?
What type of stimulant is picrotoxin classified as?
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Which statement accurately describes the effect of strychnine?
Which statement accurately describes the effect of strychnine?
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What is a common effect of cocaine on the body?
What is a common effect of cocaine on the body?
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What symptoms characterize the tetanic convulsions caused by strychnine poisoning?
What symptoms characterize the tetanic convulsions caused by strychnine poisoning?
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Cocaine affects the brain by releasing which neurotransmitter?
Cocaine affects the brain by releasing which neurotransmitter?
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What is one of the uses of picrotoxin despite its toxicity?
What is one of the uses of picrotoxin despite its toxicity?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of hallucinating drugs mentioned?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hallucinating drugs mentioned?
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What is a potential consequence of strychnine in toxic doses?
What is a potential consequence of strychnine in toxic doses?
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Study Notes
CNS Stimulant Plants
- Medullary or brain stem stimulants (analeptics): picrotoxin - used as an antidote for barbiturates and narcotics due to its GABA inhibitor effect.
- Spinal cord stimulants: Strychnine - used as a circulatory stimulant, respiratory stimulant, appetite and digestion enhancer, sexual tonic, and rodenticide.
- Cerebral cortex stimulants: Caffeine, Atropine (large dose), and Cocaine.
- Hallucinating drugs: cannabinoids and lysergic acid.
Picrotoxin
- Effects: CNS stimulant, narrow margin of safety.
Strychnine
- Effects: CNS stimulant that primarily affects the spinal cord, but in large doses can stimulate the brain stem.
- It antagonizes the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine.
- Toxic doses: Results in tetanic convulsions characterized by reflex origin, symmetry, attacks lasting 1-2 minutes, and death after 2-5 attacks.
Cocaine
- Effects: Stimulates the release of dopamine in the brain, leading to pleasurable feelings.
- Physical signs of abuse: Appetite suppression, weight loss, paranoia, anger, irritability, and hypersensitivity to sound, sight, and touch.
- Mechanism of action: Cocaine blocks the dopamine transporter, preventing the re-uptake of dopamine, resulting in a buildup of dopamine in the synapse.
Cannabis (Indian Hemp)
- Positive Effects: Mood lift, relaxation, stress reduction, creativity, increased appreciation of music, enhanced sensory awareness, altered experience of muscle fatigue, pain relief, reduced nausea, and increased appetite.
- Negative Effects: Nausea, coughing, asthma, difficulty with short-term memory, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, and confusion.
CNS Depressant Plants
Conium (Hemlock)
- Active compounds: Liquid volatile piperidine alkaloids (coniine, g-coniceine, conhydrine, pseudoconhydrine, N-methylconiine).
- Effects: Very toxic, medullary depressant used to treat convulsive diseases like epilepsy, tetanus, and whooping cough.
Hyoscine
- Active compound: Major tropane alkaloid of solanaceous plants.
- Effects: CNS depressant, sedative, antiemetic (motion sickness), decreases REM sleep while prolonging non-REM sleep, antispasmodic to relieve cramps in the colon and stomach.
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Description
This quiz covers various CNS stimulant plants, including their effects and uses. Explore the distinctions between medullary stimulants like picrotoxin, spinal cord stimulants like strychnine, and cerebral cortex stimulants such as caffeine and cocaine. Test your knowledge on their mechanisms and toxicity.
