CNS 1: Brain Anatomy and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum?

  • Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Medulla
  • Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal (correct)
  • Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Pons
  • Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Spinal
  • What does the frontal lobe of the Cerebrum control?

  • Vision
  • Sensory perception
  • Language
  • Motor function (correct)
  • What does the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum control?

  • Language
  • Sensory perception
  • Motor function
  • Vision (correct)
  • What does the Temporal Lobe of the Cerebrum control?

    <p>Hearing, taste and language (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

    <p>Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Midbrain control?

    <p>Sensory and Motor information relay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a function controlled by the Medulla Oblongata?

    <p>Regulating balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Cerebellum?

    <p>Movement coordination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hypothalamus regulate?

    <p>Emotions, temperature, hormones, blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Pineal Gland?

    <p>Production of melatonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a result of damage to Broca's Area?

    <p>Difficulty with speech production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a result of damage to Wernike's Area?

    <p>Difficulty with understanding speech (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Limbic System control?

    <p>Emotional responses and behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain?

    <p>Corpus Callosum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the spinal cord and medulla?

    <p>Vertebral Artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 2 parts of the Substantia Nigra?

    <p>Pars compacta and Pars reticulata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space between the brain and the skull?

    <p>Subarachnoid space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is a protective layer covering the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Blood-Brain Barrier allows all substances to easily pass through from the blood into the brain.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Regulation of extracellular contents, protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

    <p>Occipital Lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cerebellum is involved in regulating heart rate and blood pressure.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Medulla Oblongata?

    <p>Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is involved in emotional responses and survival behaviors.

    <p>limbic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

    <p>Memories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following brain areas with their primary functions:

    <p>Pons = Breathing and information relay Substantia Nigra = Dopamine production Pituitary Gland = Hormone regulation Thalamus = Information relay to cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe is associated with motor functions such as speech and emotions?

    <p>Frontal Lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left hemisphere of the brain is primarily responsible for attention and reasoning.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one role of the Blood-Brain Barrier.

    <p>To protect the brain from harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Broca's aphasia is characterized by fluent speech.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ artery supplies blood to the frontal and parietal lobes.

    <p>Anterior Cerebral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus?

    <p>Regulation of hormones, temperature, and water levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following arteries with their functions:

    <p>Vertebral Artery = Supplies spinal cord and medulla Basilar Artery = Supplies pons and cerebellum Internal Carotid Artery = Supplies lateral hemisphere Posterior Cerebral Artery = Supplies occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the amygdala primarily regulate?

    <p>Emotional responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contralateral hemiplegia can result from damage to the Anterior Cerebral Artery.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Regulation of extracellular contents and protection of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Frontal Lobe Function

    Controls motor function, executive tasks, thinking, smell, speech, and emotions.

    Parietal Lobe Function

    Processes sensation and perception, including language.

    Occipital Lobe Function

    Interprets visual information.

    Temporal Lobe Function

    Processes hearing, taste, language comprehension, and emotional responses.

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    Insula Function

    Processes taste, sensorimotor functions, risk-reward behaviour, autonomic functions, pain pathways, and auditory and vestibular functions.

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    Precentral Gyrus Function

    Primary motor cortex, controlling voluntary movement.

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    Postcentral Gyrus Function

    Primary sensory cortex, receiving sensory information.

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    Substantia Nigra Function

    Produces dopamine, crucial for motor control.

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    Pineal Gland Function

    Produces melatonin, regulating sleep-wake cycles.

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    Pituitary Gland Function

    Produces hormones regulating various bodily functions.

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    Broca's Area Function

    Essential for fluent speech production.

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    Wernicke's Area Function

    Critical for understanding speech.

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    Cerebellum Function

    Coordinates movement and balance.

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    Midbrain Function

    Sensory and motor information relay.

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    Pons Function

    Relay station for information, regulates breathing.

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    Medulla Oblongata Function

    Regulates vital functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.

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    Thalamus Function

    Relays and processes information to the cerebrum.

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    Hypothalamus Function

    Regulates hormones, temperature, and water balance.

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    Blood Brain Barrier Function

    Regulates what enters the central nervous system.

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    Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Function

    Protective cushion, regulates the extracellular environment.

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    Corpus Callosum Function

    Connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain,

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    Limbic System Function

    Involved in behavioral and emotional responses (survival, emotions).

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    Hippocampus Function

    Processes memories.

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    Amygdala Function

    Processes emotional responses.

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    What connects the hemispheres?

    The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication and coordination between them.

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    Left Hemisphere Function

    The left hemisphere is typically responsible for language processing, including speech, writing, and reading. It also handles logic and analytical thinking.

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    Right Hemisphere Function

    The right hemisphere is generally associated with spatial awareness, creativity, imagination, and emotional processing.

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    Vertebral Artery

    The vertebral artery supplies blood to the spinal cord, medulla, and cerebellum.

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    Basilar Artery

    The basilar artery branches off from the vertebral arteries and supplies blood to the pons, cerebellum, midbrain, and parts of the temporal and occipital lobes.

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    Internal Carotid Artery

    The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.

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    What does the Blood Brain Barrier do?

    The blood-brain barrier acts as a selective filter that controls what substances can pass from the bloodstream into the brain, protecting the brain from harmful substances.

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    CSF Function

    Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) protects the brain and spinal cord, regulates their extracellular environment, and provides a pathway for waste removal.

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    What are gyri and sulci?

    Gyri are the raised ridges on the surface of the brain, while sulci are the grooves or valleys between them.

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    What does the frontal lobe control?

    The frontal lobe is responsible for motor functions, executive tasks like planning and decision-making, thinking, smell, speech, and emotions.

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    What is the primary motor cortex?

    The primary motor cortex, located in the precentral gyrus, is responsible for controlling voluntary movement.

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    What does the cerebellum do?

    The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance.

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    What's the medulla oblongata's job?

    The medulla oblongata regulates vital functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.

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    What does the thalamus do?

    The thalamus acts as a relay station, receiving information from the senses and sending it to the cerebrum for processing.

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    What does the hypothalamus control?

    The hypothalamus regulates hormones, temperature, water balance, thirst, emotions, and the pituitary gland.

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    What is the limbic system's role?

    The limbic system is involved in behavioral and emotional responses, particularly those related to survival.

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    Study Notes

    CNS 1: Brain

    • The brain is comprised of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
    • Objectives include labeling brain parts and defining their functions, differentiating between cerebellum, cerebrum, and brainstem.

    Brain Overview

    • Cerebrum: Divided into lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal).
    • Frontal Lobe: Motor functions, executive functions, thinking, smell, speech, emotions.
    • Parietal Lobe: Sensory processing, perception, language.
    • Occipital Lobe: Visual interpretation.
    • Temporal Lobe: Hearing, taste, language comprehension, emotional processing.
    • Insula: Gustatory and sensorimotor processing, risk-reward behavior, autonomic functions, pain pathways, auditory and vestibular functions.
    • Cerebellum: Coordinates motor and sensory information; vital for balance and posture.
    • Brain Stem: Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
      • Midbrain: Sensory and motor information relay station.
      • Pons: Information relay station, breathing.
      • Medulla Oblongata: Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.
    • Diencephalon: Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal body, and pituitary gland.
      • Thalamus: Relays and processes information to cerebrum.
      • Hypothalamus: Regulates hormones, temperature, H2O levels, thirst, emotions, and pituitary gland.
      • Pineal Body: Body clock; produces melatonin.
      • Pituitary Gland: Hormones.
    • Important Gyri to Know: Precentral and Postcentral Gyri.
      • Precentral Gyrus: Primary motor cortex.
      • Postcentral Gyrus: Primary sensory cortex.
    • Important Brain Areas: Substantia Nigra (in basal ganglia, produces dopamine, role in movement), Broca's Area (nonfluent speech), Wernicke's Area (language comprehension deficits).

    Important Brain Areas

    • Substantia Nigra: Located in basal ganglia, produces dopamine (movement).
    • Pineal Gland: Produces melatonin.
    • Pituitary Gland: Hormones (endocrine function).
    • Broca's Area: Nonfluent speech (frontal cortex).
    • Wernicke's Area: Language comprehension deficits (temporal lobe).

    Blood Supply

    • Vertebral Artery: Supplies spinal cord and medulla.
    • Basilar Artery: Supplies pons, cerebellum, midbrain, etc.
    • Internal Carotid Artery: Supplies frontal and parietal lobes, lateral hemisphere.

    CVA Presentations

    • ACA: Personality changes, contralateral hemiplegia and hemisensory loss.
    • MCA: Contralateral homonymous hemianopia, hemiplegia, hemisensory loss, language impairment.
    • PCA: Neglect, thalamic syndrome possible, vision and eye issues.

    Collateral Circulation

    • Network to provide alternate pathways for blood flow.

    Blood Brain Barrier

    • Tightly joined epithelial cells control passage; only small, fat-soluble molecules naturally pass; active transport is necessary for water-soluble substances like glucose and amino acids.

    Cerebral Spinal Fluid

    • Regulates extracellular content and provides protection.
    • Formed in the ventricles, circulates to the subarachnoid space, and is absorbed into venous circulation.

    CSF: Ventricles and Layers

    • Choroid Plexus: Secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles.
    • Meninges: Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater.

    Limbic System

    • Involved in behavioral and emotional responses, including survival behaviours (feeding, reproduction, caring for young).
    • Located in the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala.
      • Hippocampus: Memories.
      • Amygdala: Emotional Response.

    Corpus Callosum

    • Connects right and left hemispheres.
    • Left hemisphere typically associated with language; right hemisphere typically associated with attention, memory, reasoning, problem-solving.

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    CNS 1: Brain PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structure and functions of the brain, including its major parts such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. This quiz includes labeling brain parts and understanding their roles, as well as differentiating between the lobes of the cerebrum. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or related fields.

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