CNA Test 2 - Modules N, O, P, G, H Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an incident report?

Method of documenting facts surrounding any unexpected event in a health care setting.

What types of incidents require an incident report?

A resident falls, a mistake is made during resident care, something is broken or damaged, an angry outburst, sexual/physical abuse, someone getting injured on the job, or exposure to blood or blood-borne pathogens.

What should be included in an incident report?

Who, what, when, where.

What is critical thinking?

Safely providing resident care in a variety of situations based on facts learned, bedside observations, or the ability to think on one's feet. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 points to remember when using critical thinking skills?

What am I trying to do? What problem do I need to solve? What info do I need and where can I get it? What basic concepts do I need to use? What am I missing? Signup and view all the answers

If a resident in a cast asks for water but simply looks at you, what should you do?

Bring a cup with a straw to her mouth so she can rest her arms. Signup and view all the answers

If two patients ring their call bells at the same time, which request should you address first?

Address the patient who needs to go to the bathroom first. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a patient eats before surgery when ordered NPO?

The surgery will be postponed. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do before giving coffee to a patient on thickened liquids?

Ask the nurse if she is allowed to have it, and if so, put ice in the coffee to blend it up like a smoothie. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if salt is packed with a patient on a NAS diet?

Do not deliver the salt to the patient. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should the nurse aide report to the nurse?

Resident is crying after visiting with family members. Signup and view all the answers

Which factors negatively affect a family member's decision to place their loved one in a facility?

Strong smell of urine. Signup and view all the answers

It is important to ask the family of an aphasic patient who was newly admitted about their likes and dislikes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which questions can you ask a family member about the patient?

Did mom go to therapy yesterday? Signup and view all the answers

What is defecation?

Process of emptying the rectum of feces. Signup and view all the answers

What is fecal impaction?

Prolonged retention and accumulation of feces in the rectum. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prosthetic device?

Replacement devices for lost body parts specifically fitted for the patient. Signup and view all the answers

What is urination?

Process of emptying the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What is an amputation?

Surgical removal of a body part. Signup and view all the answers

What is an orthotic device?

An artificial device that replaces a body part and helps with function and/or appearance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a supportive device?

Special equipment that helps disabled or ill patients with movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is an adaptive device?

Special equipment that helps a disabled patient perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Signup and view all the answers

What is bowel training?

Measures helpful for fecal impaction, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Signup and view all the answers

As health care providers, what should we always remember?

To encourage residents to be as independent as possible. Signup and view all the answers

What are the goals of restorative care?

Maintaining and/or improving the patient's existing abilities. Signup and view all the answers

Guidelines for assisting with bladder retraining include all the following except:

Limiting fluids. Signup and view all the answers

How long does bowel and bladder training take?

8-10 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What are footboards used for?

Help prevent foot drop. Signup and view all the answers

What are signs and symptoms of fecal impaction?

All the choices. Signup and view all the answers

What type of incontinence may be related to NA not responding to call bell?

Functional incontinence. Signup and view all the answers

When should a resident need to use the restroom or be assisted?

One hour before meals, every two hours between meals, and when the patient wakes up. Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of the cleansing enema is to clean the colon by eliminating stool or feces or to stimulate bowel activity.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the NA's role in bowel/bladder training?

Provide privacy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be a part of bowel and bladder training?

Encourage foods high in protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is friction?

Two substances rubbing together. Signup and view all the answers

What is eczema?

Red itching areas on surface of skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is epidermis?

Outer layer of skin containing melanin, nerve endings, but no blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is dermis?

Layer of skin containing hair and nail follicles, sweat and oil glands, blood vessels, nerves, and touch receptors. Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatitis?

Inflammation of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are bony prominences?

Areas of the body where the bone is close to the skin, such as elbows, shoulder blades, and sacrum. Signup and view all the answers

What is shearing?

The skin moves in one direction while the underneath tissue remains fixed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the integumentary system?

The skin. The largest body system/organ that covers the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is melanin?

Gives skin its primary color. Signup and view all the answers

What are pressure points?

Where the body bears most of its weight. Signup and view all the answers

What are pressure ulcers?

Serious wounds caused by poor circulation, resulting from pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is gangrene?

Condition resulting in the death of tissues (necrosis). Signup and view all the answers

What is shingles?

Viral infection caused by varicella zoster (chicken pox). Signup and view all the answers

What are liver spots?

Brown spots on the skin caused by aging. Signup and view all the answers

What is psoriasis?

Chronic inflammation, non-contagious, excessive reproduction of epidermal cells, causing circular patches which are scaly and dry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial cavity?

Contains the brain and 12 cranial nerves. Signup and view all the answers

What is in the thoracic cavity?

Lungs, heart, esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What is in the abdominal cavity?

Stomach, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines. Signup and view all the answers

What is in the pelvic cavity?

Contains reproductive organs, lower colon and rectum. Signup and view all the answers

What is a malignant tumor?

A cancerous tumor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of pressure ulcers?

Skin is intact, red, darkened and still present 30 mins after pressure is relieved. Signup and view all the answers

What is the second stage of pressure ulcers?

Skin has blister-like lesions, partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and the dermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the third stage of pressure ulcers?

Full thickness skin loss, infection and scab may result. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth stage of pressure ulcers?

Skin and fatty tissue are destroyed, muscle and bone involved. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of pressure ulcers?

Shearing, moisture, friction, pressure, and incontinence. Signup and view all the answers

What are changes due to aging that are normal for the integument system?

Skin loses elasticity. Signup and view all the answers

What is metastasis?

Cancer cells spread to other body parts. Signup and view all the answers

What should the NA remember when caring for older adults?

Layer clothes for extra warmth. Signup and view all the answers

Where can pressure ulcers develop on an obese woman?

All the choices. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are typical pressure points?

Shoulder blades. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can prevent pressure ulcers?

Turning every two hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fracture?

Break in the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoarthritis?

Non-inflammatory degeneration of the cartilage of the weight-bearing joints due to stress, with aches, stiffness, and limited motion. Signup and view all the answers

What is extension?

Straightening a body part. Signup and view all the answers

What is flexion?

Bending a body part. Signup and view all the answers

What is abduction?

Moving a body part away from the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is adduction?

Moving a body part toward the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is arthritis?

Inflammation of the joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is bone marrow?

Soft spongy inside part of the bone which produces RBC, WBC, and platelets. Signup and view all the answers

What are bones?

Hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and form the framework of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac muscle?

Involuntary muscle of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

Bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle. Signup and view all the answers

What is contracture?

Permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are joints?

Points where bone meets and consist of cartilage and connective tissue that cushions the bone, allowing for movement. Signup and view all the answers

What are ligaments?

Connects bone to bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is muscle atrophy?

Muscle mass decreases in size. Signup and view all the answers

What is the musculoskeletal system?

Provides structure and movement of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoporosis?

Spongy type of bone that breaks easily. Signup and view all the answers

What is plantar flexion?

Bending the foot downward at the ankle. Signup and view all the answers

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Systemic crippling disease causing deformities with stiff, painful, swollen joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are skeletal muscles?

Voluntary muscle that powers movement of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What are smooth muscles?

Involuntary muscle of the inner linings of organs. Signup and view all the answers

What are tendons?

Connects muscle to bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sprain?

Stretched or torn ligaments/tendons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound fracture?

Open fracture that penetrates the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is synovial fluid?

Found in the bursae which is the fluid-filled sac that allows bones to move easily over each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is gout?

Metabolic disease usually affecting the lower leg joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is paraplegic?

Paralysis of the lower half of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is quadriplegic?

Paralysis from the neck down. Signup and view all the answers

What is hemiplegic?

Paralysis of one half of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hinge joint?

Allows movement in one direction (elbow). Signup and view all the answers

What is a ball and socket joint?

Allows movement in all directions (hip and shoulder). Signup and view all the answers

What is a pivot joint?

Allows movement from side to side (skull to spine). Signup and view all the answers

What is a long bone?

Bears weight (femur and humerus). Signup and view all the answers

What is a short bone?

Allows skill and ease in movement (carpal, phalanges). Signup and view all the answers

What is a flat bone?

Protects organs (ribs, skull, pelvic shoulder bone). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Incident Reporting

Incident reports document unexpected events in healthcare settings and are not public records.
Types of incidents that require a report include: resident falls, errors in care, damages caused by healthcare personnel or residents, angry outbursts, abuse, job injuries, and exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Essential details for incident reports include who was involved, a description of events, actions taken, time, and location. Only factual information should be recorded, avoiding notation in resident charts.

Critical Thinking in Care

Critical thinking in nursing aides involves providing safe patient care by applying learned facts, observations, and quick decision-making.
Key questions for critical thinkers: What is my goal? What problem needs resolution? What information is required and where can I obtain it? What fundamental concepts apply? What am I overlooking?

Patient Assistance Guidelines

When assisting patients unable to use their hands, such as bringing a straw for Mrs. Bailey who has both arms in casts.
Prioritize patient needs; for instance, assist the patient requiring a bathroom visit first before addressing drink requests.

Dietary and Health Restrictions

NPO (nothing by mouth) orders must be strictly followed; delivering food counteracts surgical preparations and may delay procedures.
Patients like Mrs. Smith with swallowing issues must have medical clearance before consuming thickened liquids, such as coffee.

Reporting and Family Engagement

Important to report significant emotional changes in residents like crying after family visits.
Factors impacting family decision-making regarding residences include cleanliness, odors, and the care state of residents.

Bowel and Bladder Management

Defecation is the process of eliminating feces; fecal impaction refers to prolonged feces retention.
Bowel and bladder training requires consistent establishment of routines and can take 8-10 weeks.
Guidelines include encouraging regular exercise, offering fluids as per schedule, and monitoring progress effectively.

Skin and Pressure Management

Pressure ulcers are severe injuries resulting from prolonged pressure; signs include localized redness, blistering, and tissue loss.
Typical pressure points include the elbows, shoulder blades, and sacrum; these can worsen with moisture, shearing forces, and friction.

Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Understanding different bone types: long bones support weight, short bones facilitate movement, and flat bones protect organs.
Arthritis denotes joint inflammation; osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease affecting flexibility and pain.
Connective structures: ligaments connect bones, while tendons link muscles to bones.

Paralysis and Mobility

Types of paralysis include paraplegia (lower body), quadriplegia (full body), and hemiplegia (one side).
Flexion and extension describe bending and straightening movements, respectively.

Joint Classifications

Types of joints include hinge joints (elbows), ball-and-socket joints (hips/shoulders), and pivot joints (skull/spine), each facilitating specific types of movement.

Skin and Aging

Aging skin changes include increased dryness, need for moisture, and disposition to pressure ulcers.
Melanin is the pigment responsible for skin coloration, while conditions like eczema and psoriasis require careful management.

General Care Principles

Encourage independence among residents, providing support rather than performing tasks for them.
Focus on restoring and maintaining patient abilities, aiding in rehabilitation efforts.

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Description

Test your knowledge with flashcards covering CNA test modules N, O, P, G, and H. This quiz focuses on important concepts including incident reports and the types of incidents that require documentation in a healthcare setting. Perfect for nursing assistants preparing for their certification exams.