CNA Chapter 19 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is anemia?

A condition in which the amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the body is less than normal. (correct)

A condition in which the body has too many red blood cells.

A type of lung disease.

A type of heart disease.

What is angina pectoris?

A type of heart failure.

Difficulty breathing.

Swelling in the veins.

Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort. (correct)

What do anti-embolic stockings help prevent?

High blood pressure.

Shortness of breath.

Heart attacks.

Swelling and blood clots. (correct)

What is the function of an artery?

Carries blood away from the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What are the upper two chambers of the heart called?

Atria Signup and view all the answers

What are capillaries?

Tiny blood vessels where exchange occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomyopathy?

A weakening of the heart muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?

A condition where the heart muscle is damaged and fails to pump effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

A condition where coronary arteries become damaged and narrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is diastole?

Phase when the heart muscle relaxes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heart?

To pump blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoxia?

A condition where the body does not receive enough oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is ischemia?

A lack of blood supply to an area. Signup and view all the answers

What is myocardial ischemia?

A condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood. Signup and view all the answers

What does nitroglycerin do?

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is occlusion in the context of blood vessels?

Complete obstruction of a blood vessel. Signup and view all the answers

What is orthopnea?

Shortness of breath when lying down. Signup and view all the answers

What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

A condition where limbs do not have enough blood circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is phlebitis?

Inflammation of the veins. Signup and view all the answers

What is pulmonary edema?

Accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is stable angina?

Chest pain that occurs during activity or stress. Signup and view all the answers

What is systole?

Phase where the heart contracts. Signup and view all the answers

What is unstable angina?

Chest pain that occurs at rest. Signup and view all the answers

What does a vein do?

Carries blood to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What are ventricles?

The lower chambers of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is blood?

A liquid transporting various substances throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

What removes carbon dioxide from the body?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

The heart is composed of _ main chambers: the _ and the ___.

2 - atria - ventricles Signup and view all the answers

A function of blood is to transport oxygen, ___, hormones, salts, and antibodies to cells.

nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Plasma is made up of mostly ___.

water Signup and view all the answers

Platelets cause the blood to _, preventing excess _.

clot - bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of angina with their definitions:

Stable angina = Chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe stress. Unstable angina = Chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest. Angina pectoris = Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort due to CAD. Signup and view all the answers

What is prehypertension?

Likely to develop high blood pressure in the future. Signup and view all the answers

What is pernicious anemia?

A form of anemia caused by a lack of a substance that absorbs vitamin B12. Signup and view all the answers

What do erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes have in common?

They are types of blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What gives blood its red color?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of peripheral vascular disease?

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

Anemia: Decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin in the body.
Angina Pectoris: Chest pain or discomfort due to coronary artery disease (CAD).
Anti-embolic Stockings: Special stockings worn to prevent blood clots and improve circulation.
Artery: Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
Atria: Upper chambers of the heart (right and left atrium).
Capillaries: Small vessels facilitating gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and cells.

Cardiovascular Conditions

Cardiomyopathy: Weakening of the heart muscle affecting blood pumping efficiency.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Heart fails to pump effectively, failing to meet the body's activity needs.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Damage and narrowing of coronary arteries leading to reduced blood supply to the heart.
Myocardial Ischemia: Insufficient blood supply to heart muscle, leading to cell death.
Pulmonary Edema: Accumulation of fluid in the lungs, typically from heart failure.

Heart Function and Phases

Diastole: Relaxation phase of the heart.
Systole: Contraction phase where blood is pumped out of the left ventricle.
Heart Structure: Composed of four chambers—two atria and two ventricles.

Blood Components and Functions

Blood: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, salts, and antibodies; removes carbon dioxide and waste.
Platelets: Important for blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Thrombocytes: Types of blood cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, respectively.
Plasma: Liquid part of blood, primarily composed of water.

Respiratory and Circulatory Interactions

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange: Occurs in the lungs; carbon dioxide is exhaled while oxygen is inhaled.

Cardiovascular Response to Aging

Heart pumps less efficiently, leading to narrowed and less elastic blood vessels, resulting in decreased blood flow.

Specific Conditions and Symptoms

Stable Angina: Chest pain during physical activity or stress.
Unstable Angina: Chest pain at rest or minimal exertion.
Left-Sided CHF Symptoms: Includes fatigue, orthopnea, coughing, rapid pulse, and weight gain.
Right-Sided CHF Symptoms: Includes fatigue, weakness, edema in extremities, bulging neck veins, and irregular heartbeat.

Vascular Diseases

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD): Insufficient blood circulation to extremities.
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Most common type of PVD.

Other Important Terms

Occlusion: Complete obstruction of a blood vessel.
Hypoxia: Insufficient oxygen supply to the body.
Prehypertension: Increased risk of developing high blood pressure in the future.
Nitroglycerin: Medication that relaxes coronary artery walls for improved blood flow.

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Description

Explore key terms and definitions related to the circulatory system in this CNA Chapter 19 quiz. Enhance your understanding of cardiovascular health with flashcards covering conditions like anemia and angina pectoris, as well as preventive measures like anti-embolic stockings.