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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of supplementing the medium with 1-2% FCS if CHO cells are not doubling every 14-17 hours?

  • To maintain the cells in a suspended state
  • To enhance cell growth and division (correct)
  • To induce differentiation of the CHO cells
  • To inhibit cell proliferation

Which element in the CMV vectors is responsible for replication in bacterial cells?

  • f1 origin
  • pre-pro-trypsin leader (PPT) sequence
  • hGH polyA
  • β-lactamase gene (correct)

What does the SV40 replication origin contribute to in SV40 replication permissive cells?

  • Stabilization of plasmids
  • Inhibition of transcription
  • Promotion of protein secretion
  • Enhancement of DNA replication (correct)

Which component directs the secretion of fusion proteins into the culture medium for purification?

<p>pre-pro-trypsin leader (PPT) sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hCMV promoter regulatory region in the mammalian expression system?

<p>Drives constitutive protein expression in mammalian cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are CMV vectors favorable for expressing proteins in mammalian cells?

<p>They drive high levels of constitutive protein expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of heterologous protein expression, what is the function of the lacI binding site in the lac operon control elements?

<p>Inhibit T7 polymerase gene expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular component is crucial for the production of large, complex glycosylated polypeptides in mammalian cell expression systems?

<p>Proline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What modification is necessary to induce constitutive expression in an un-induced state using the lac operon control elements?

<p>Dissociation of lacI from the operator site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for the stabilization of plasmids used in bacterial cells for heterologous protein expression?

<p>Lac Repressor (lacI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes Chinese Hamster Overy (CHO) cells a preferred host cell for mammalian expression systems?

<p>They can be grown as a suspension in bioreactors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of the lac operon control system directly affects the expression of the gene of interest in bacterial cells?

<p>Lac Repressor (lacI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary control point of the CMV promoter?

<p>Enhancer Sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type shows a relatively high level of gene expression with the CMV promoter?

<p>CHO cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is crucial for the tight control of growth conditions when using the CMV enhancer sequence?

<p>Cellular Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factor has a strong preference for the CMV enhancer sequence?

<p>CREB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells show low levels of gene expression with the CMV promoter?

<p>Stem cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage associated with the CMV enhancer sequence?

<p>Tight control of growth conditions required (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential issue with using the lac operon control elements for heterologous protein expression?

<p>Leaky expression leading to plasmid instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the T7 RNA Polymerase in the context of heterologous protein expression?

<p>Under full induction, it can result in the desired protein being over 50% of total cell protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the lac repressor in the lac operon system?

<p>To bind to the operator and prevent transcription in the absence of inducers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to remove the lacZYA genes when using the lac operon for heterologous protein expression?

<p>To prevent interference with translation of the gene of interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of Galactoside permease (lacY) in the lac operon system?

<p>Allows lactose uptake from media into bacterial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a more tightly controlled promoter-expression-cassette needed when using the lac operon for heterologous protein expression?

<p>To prevent target gene overexpression and cellular damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using different restriction enzymes to cut the donor and receiver DNA when cloning a gene?

<p>To prevent re-ligation of DNA fragments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of biotechnology, what is the role of T7 lysozyme in host cells like E. coli?

<p>Breaks down T7 Polymerase before induction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of promoter is commonly used in eukaryotic expression vectors for strong gene expression?

<p>CMV promoter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is orientation important when cloning genes using different restriction enzymes?

<p>To ensure correct expression of the gene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using mammalian cells as an expression host over bacterial or yeast cells?

<p>Easier post-transcriptional modifications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to choose the appropriate expression format at the beginning of cloning work in biotechnology?

<p>To ensure proper folding and modification of proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major disadvantages of using inducible expression systems in biotechnology?

<p>off-target effects and high basal expression level</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are stable inducible mammalian expression vectors considered the 'holy grail' for industrial recombinant protein expression?

<p>They allow for humanized product from a stable cell line that can be controllably induced without inducing pleiotropic effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern associated with stable integration of genes into the genome in biotechnology?

<p>Down-regulation of the promoter through methylation/de-acetylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of inducible systems used in biotechnology and their respective inducers?

<p>Temperature shift (37-42°C), heavy metals (zinc, copper, cadmium), and steroids (glucocorticoids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is serum batch-to-batch variability a concern in modulating enhancers in biotechnology?

<p>It can lead to unpredictable changes in enhancer activity and affect the overall expression of the target gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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