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Questions and Answers
Which artery directly supplies the organ of Corti?
Which artery directly supplies the organ of Corti?
What is the role of the spiral modiolar artery?
What is the role of the spiral modiolar artery?
Which artery is NOT part of the blood supply to the inner ear?
Which artery is NOT part of the blood supply to the inner ear?
Who introduced the term 'homeostasis'?
Who introduced the term 'homeostasis'?
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What physiological concept does homeostasis primarily relate to?
What physiological concept does homeostasis primarily relate to?
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What is one reason for the absence of direct vascularization in the organ of Corti?
What is one reason for the absence of direct vascularization in the organ of Corti?
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In what year did Claude Bernard introduce his concept related to internal regulation?
In what year did Claude Bernard introduce his concept related to internal regulation?
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What is the primary role of gap junctions in the cochlea?
What is the primary role of gap junctions in the cochlea?
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Which blood vessel aids in the venous return of deoxygenated blood from the cochlea?
Which blood vessel aids in the venous return of deoxygenated blood from the cochlea?
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Cx26-related deafness arises from mutations in which gene?
Cx26-related deafness arises from mutations in which gene?
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How do K+ ions move during the recycling process in the cochlea?
How do K+ ions move during the recycling process in the cochlea?
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What occurs to the ionic balance in the cochlear fluids if K+ recycling is disrupted?
What occurs to the ionic balance in the cochlear fluids if K+ recycling is disrupted?
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Which cell type is primarily responsible for transporting K+ ions back to the perilymphatic space?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for transporting K+ ions back to the perilymphatic space?
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What is an expected consequence of mutations affecting the Cx26 protein?
What is an expected consequence of mutations affecting the Cx26 protein?
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Which of the following is a component of the cochlear cells' ionic homeostasis?
Which of the following is a component of the cochlear cells' ionic homeostasis?
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What aspect of cochlear function is most impacted by a Cx26 mutation?
What aspect of cochlear function is most impacted by a Cx26 mutation?
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What is the primary consequence of Pendred syndrome on cochlear function?
What is the primary consequence of Pendred syndrome on cochlear function?
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Which structure primarily supplies blood to the cochlea?
Which structure primarily supplies blood to the cochlea?
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What is the main purpose of homeostasis in the body?
What is the main purpose of homeostasis in the body?
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How do ionic imbalances in the cochlea primarily affect hearing?
How do ionic imbalances in the cochlea primarily affect hearing?
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Which fluid is found in the scala media of the cochlea?
Which fluid is found in the scala media of the cochlea?
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What is the role of the stria vascularis in the cochlea?
What is the role of the stria vascularis in the cochlea?
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How does the ionic composition of perilymph compare to that of endolymph?
How does the ionic composition of perilymph compare to that of endolymph?
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What does the endocochlear potential (EP) rely on?
What does the endocochlear potential (EP) rely on?
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What role do feedback loops play in homeostasis?
What role do feedback loops play in homeostasis?
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What can genetic mutations, such as those related to Cx26, lead to?
What can genetic mutations, such as those related to Cx26, lead to?
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Which fluid serves to maintain balance and hearing in the inner ear?
Which fluid serves to maintain balance and hearing in the inner ear?
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Which of the following describes a potential effect of disrupted blood flow in the cochlea?
Which of the following describes a potential effect of disrupted blood flow in the cochlea?
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Which fluid compositions are crucial for cochlear function?
Which fluid compositions are crucial for cochlear function?
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What is the main ionic difference between endolymph and cerebrospinal fluid?
What is the main ionic difference between endolymph and cerebrospinal fluid?
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Why is the maintenance of ionic balance in cochlear fluids essential?
Why is the maintenance of ionic balance in cochlear fluids essential?
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What is a characteristic of perilymph found in the cochlea?
What is a characteristic of perilymph found in the cochlea?
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What is the primary function of Reissner’s membrane in the cochlea?
What is the primary function of Reissner’s membrane in the cochlea?
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Which component of the cochlea is primarily responsible for secreting endolymph?
Which component of the cochlea is primarily responsible for secreting endolymph?
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How does the blood-labyrinth barrier contribute to cochlear homeostasis?
How does the blood-labyrinth barrier contribute to cochlear homeostasis?
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What happens to hair cells when K+ ions flow into them during depolarization?
What happens to hair cells when K+ ions flow into them during depolarization?
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What primarily separates endolymph from perilymph in the cochlea?
What primarily separates endolymph from perilymph in the cochlea?
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What role do cation-selective channels play when the hair bundle is deflected?
What role do cation-selective channels play when the hair bundle is deflected?
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What is the thickness of Reissner’s membrane?
What is the thickness of Reissner’s membrane?
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What is the endocochlear potential (EP) characterized by?
What is the endocochlear potential (EP) characterized by?
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Which cells compose the blood-labyrinth barrier in the cochlea?
Which cells compose the blood-labyrinth barrier in the cochlea?
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Which structure serves as the primary energy source for cochlear function?
Which structure serves as the primary energy source for cochlear function?
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Which of the following is NOT a key process for ionic transport in the cochlea?
Which of the following is NOT a key process for ionic transport in the cochlea?
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What role do gap junctions play in the cochlea?
What role do gap junctions play in the cochlea?
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Which component is part of the battery model of cochlear transduction?
Which component is part of the battery model of cochlear transduction?
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What is a characteristic of the ionic homeostasis in hair cells?
What is a characteristic of the ionic homeostasis in hair cells?
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How does the cochlea establish ionic balance?
How does the cochlea establish ionic balance?
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Which processes contribute to maintaining cochlear fluid integrity?
Which processes contribute to maintaining cochlear fluid integrity?
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Study Notes
CMSD5280 Audition II - Physiology #1
- Cochlear circulation and homeostasis are covered in this session.
Course Outline
- A brief introduction about the instructor occurs.
- The course schedule is reviewed.
- The functioning of the hearing system is outlined.
- Vascular anatomy of the cochlea is reviewed.
- Homeostasis concept is presented.
- Ionic homeostasis in the cochlea is covered.
- Pathophysiology of cochlear circulation and homeostasis is explored.
Instructor Background
- Originally majored in nuclear physics.
- Diagnosed with hearing loss and tinnitus in 2004.
- Switched to biomedical engineering.
- Moved to Montreal for PhD in 2010.
- Appointed Assistant Professor of Audiology at SCSD in 2024.
Land Acknowledgment
- The Dalhousie University Senate acknowledges that they are on Mi'kma'ki, the ancestral and unceded territory of the Mi'kmaq People.
- The Senate pays respect to the Indigenous knowledges held by the Mi'kmaq People and the wisdom of their Elders past and present.
- Aboriginal and Treaty rights are recognized.
- The histories, contributions, and legacies of African Nova Scotians are acknowledged.
Review of the Course Schedule
- Dates and times for various classes and exams are listed.
- Exam 1 is from 0:01-23:59 in week 1.
- Topics covered in each lecture are detailed.
Review of the Course Schedule (Specific Dates)
- Lectures cover physiology I: Cochlear Circulation and Homeostasis; physiology II: Auditory Nerve and Efferent Physiology III: Bone conduction.
- Exams are included as well
- Includes concepts like auditory cognition, perception, and neuroplasticity, signal detection theory, auditory sensitivity, psychoacoustics, loudness, pitch, timbre, and spatial hearing.
- Several types of assessments, including case studies, exams, and examinations, are outlined in the schedule.
Reminder of the Functioning of the Hearing System
- Sound waves affect the external ear causing vibrations in the eardrum.
- The middle ear comprises the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), amplifying the sound vibrations.
- The inner ear fluid, perilymph in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani, and endolymph in the scala media, convert vibrations to electrochemical signals.
- The basilar membrane acts in response to different frequencies.
- These processes allow hearing and balance.
- Descriptions and diagrams are provided, including details on the structures of the ear.
Blood Supply to the Inner Ear
- Subclavian and vertebral arteries supply blood.
- The basilar artery is formed from the union of the two vertebral arteries.
- The labyrinthine artery branches, including the anterior vestibular, common, main, and posterior vestibular arteries, provide the cochlea with blood.
- Specialized arteries support the cochlea and its structures, ensuring proper oxygen and nutrient delivery to sustain function.
Homeostasis in Cochlea
- The cochlea has three primary fluid-filled compartments: scala media, scala vestibuli, and scala tympani.
- The fluid in the scala media is endolymph.
- The fluids in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani are perilymph.
- Maintaining a balance between these fluids' ionic compositions is crucial for hearing and balance to ensure normal cochlear function.
- A detailed explanation of the ionic composition of endolymph and perilymph, using relevant diagrams and charts, is included.
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Description
This quiz covers cochlear circulation, homeostasis, and the functioning of the hearing system. Additionally, it explores the vascular anatomy of the cochlea and the pathophysiology related to auditory health. Ideal for students in Audiology and Biomedical Engineering.
