67 Questions
Which part of the cochlea is tuned to high-frequency sound?
Basal end
What is the purpose of the middle ear ossicles?
To increase pressure in the cochlea
What is the composition of the cochlear fluids in the scala media?
High K+ and low Na+
What is the function of the organ of Corti?
To detect sound-induced motions of the basilar membrane
Which type of hair cells are mainly innervated by efferent nerve fibers?
Outer hair cells
What is the major cation in endolymph?
K+
What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?
K+
Which type of neurons innervate the outer hair cells in the cochlea?
Type II spiral neurons
What is the function of the efferent system in the cochlea?
Modify the sensitivity of the cochlea
Which part of the cochlea responds to low frequencies?
Apical end
What is the maximum number of channels provided by cochlear implants to substitute for hair cells?
24
What are the physical effects of noise on hair bundle structure?
All of the above
What percentage of the population over the age of 70 has significant high frequency hearing loss?
30%
What is the main function of the cochlear ganglion?
Transmit afferent information to the brain
Which part of the auditory system is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals?
Hair cells
How is sound intensity measured in decibels (dB)?
dB = 20 x log (sound pressure / reference pressure)
What is the frequency range of ideal human hearing?
20-20,000 Hz
What can intensities higher than 90 dB lead to?
Permanent hearing damage
Which part of the central auditory system is responsible for processing sound localization?
Superior olive
What are the two important attributes of sound?
Frequency and intensity
What is the function of hair cells in the cochlea?
To convert sound waves into electrical signals
Which part of the auditory system is responsible for extracting information about the level, onset, and timing of sounds?
Inferior colliculus
Where does parallel processing start in the auditory system?
Cochlear nucleus
What are the two binaural cues used to localize sounds in space?
Interaural level differences and interaural time differences
What is the role of the auditory cortex in the auditory system?
Analysis of complex sounds
What is the function of the cochlear nucleus in the auditory system?
Extract information about level, onset, and timing of sounds
What happens when there are lesions in the auditory cortex?
All of the above
What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for?
Analysis of complex sounds
What is the role of the superior olivary complex in the auditory system?
Localize sounds in space
What is the role of the inferior colliculus in the auditory system?
Combine spatial analysis with information from dorsal cochlear nucleus
Which part of the cochlea is responsible for detecting high-frequency sound?
Basal end
What is the primary function of the outer hair cells in the cochlea?
Amplify basilar membrane motion
What is the composition of the cochlear fluids in the scala media?
Endolymph
What is the function of the organ of Corti in the auditory system?
Detect sound-induced motions of the basilar membrane
What is the major cation in endolymph?
K+
What is the role of the cochlear ganglion in the auditory system?
Convert sound waves into electrical signals
Where does parallel processing start in the auditory system?
Cochlear nucleus
Which part of the auditory system is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals?
Cochlea
What is the main function of the cochlear ganglion?
To transmit electrical signals to the brain
What are the two binaural cues used to localize sounds in space?
Phase and timing
What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?
Opening of potassium channels
What can intensities higher than 90 dB lead to?
Permanent hearing damage
What is the purpose of the middle ear ossicles?
To amplify sound vibrations
What is the major cation in endolymph?
Potassium
Which part of the auditory system combines complex frequency and amplitude analysis of the dorsal cochlear nucleus with information on sound localization from the superior olivary complex?
Inferior colliculus
Which part of the auditory system is responsible for reflexive orientation to stimuli?
Inferior colliculus
Which part of the auditory system is located on the upper surface of the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex
What are the two binaural cues used to localize sounds in space?
Interaural level differences and interaural time differences
What is the function of the superior olivary complex in the auditory system?
Localizes sounds in space using interaural level differences
What is the function of the cochlear nucleus in the auditory system?
Parallel processing of auditory information
What are the two important attributes of sound that neurons in the cochlear nucleus extract information about?
Level and timing
What defects can occur in the auditory cortex if there are lesions?
Defects in sound localization, discrimination of temporal pattern, and intelligibility of speech
Which part of the auditory system is responsible for extracting information about the level, onset, and timing of sounds?
Cochlear nucleus
Which part of the cochlea responds to low frequencies?
Apical end
What is the role of the efferent system in the cochlea?
Modify the sensitivity of the cochlea
What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?
Mechanical stimulation
What is the function of the superior olivary complex in the auditory system?
Process sound localization
What are the physical effects of noise on hair bundle structure?
All of the above
What is the composition of the cochlear fluids in the scala media?
Endolymph
What can intensities higher than 90 dB lead to?
Cochlear damage
Which type of neurons innervate the outer hair cells in the cochlea?
Type II spiral neurons
What is the maximum number of channels provided by cochlear implants to substitute for hair cells?
24
What percentage of the population over the age of 70 has significant high frequency hearing loss?
30%
What are the physical effects of noise on hair bundle structure?
All of the above
What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?
Opening of calcium channels
Which part of the cochlea responds to low frequencies?
Apical end
What is the main function of the cochlear ganglion?
To transmit afferent information to the brain
Test your knowledge on the afferent innervation of cochlear hair cells and the different types of neurons involved. Learn about the role of Type I and Type II spiral ganglion neurons in transmitting auditory signals to the brain via the VIIIth nerve.
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