T2 L12: Physiology of Hearing (SL)
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the cochlea is tuned to high-frequency sound?

  • Apical end
  • Basal end (correct)
  • Scala tympani
  • Scala vestibuli

    • What is the purpose of the middle ear ossicles?

  • To prevent sound reflection
  • To increase pressure in the cochlea (correct)
  • To produce endolymph
  • To connect the outer and inner ear

    • What is the composition of the cochlear fluids in the scala media?

  • High Na+ and low K+
  • Low Na+ and low K+
  • High K+ and low Na+ (correct)
  • High Na+ and high K+

    • What is the function of the organ of Corti?

    <p>To detect sound-induced motions of the basilar membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hair cells are mainly innervated by efferent nerve fibers?

    <p>Outer hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cation in endolymph?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons innervate the outer hair cells in the cochlea?

    <p>Type II spiral neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the efferent system in the cochlea?

    <p>Modify the sensitivity of the cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cochlea responds to low frequencies?

    <p>Apical end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of channels provided by cochlear implants to substitute for hair cells?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physical effects of noise on hair bundle structure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population over the age of 70 has significant high frequency hearing loss?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cochlear ganglion?

    <p>Transmit afferent information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals?

    <p>Hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sound intensity measured in decibels (dB)?

    <p>dB = 20 x log (sound pressure / reference pressure)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of ideal human hearing?

    <p>20-20,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can intensities higher than 90 dB lead to?

    <p>Permanent hearing damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the central auditory system is responsible for processing sound localization?

    <p>Superior olive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important attributes of sound?

    <p>Frequency and intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hair cells in the cochlea?

    <p>To convert sound waves into electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system is responsible for extracting information about the level, onset, and timing of sounds?

    <p>Inferior colliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does parallel processing start in the auditory system?

    <p>Cochlear nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two binaural cues used to localize sounds in space?

    <p>Interaural level differences and interaural time differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the auditory cortex in the auditory system?

    <p>Analysis of complex sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cochlear nucleus in the auditory system?

    <p>Extract information about level, onset, and timing of sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there are lesions in the auditory cortex?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for?

    <p>Analysis of complex sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the superior olivary complex in the auditory system?

    <p>Localize sounds in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the inferior colliculus in the auditory system?

    <p>Combine spatial analysis with information from dorsal cochlear nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cochlea is responsible for detecting high-frequency sound?

    <p>Basal end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the outer hair cells in the cochlea?

    <p>Amplify basilar membrane motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the cochlear fluids in the scala media?

    <p>Endolymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the organ of Corti in the auditory system?

    <p>Detect sound-induced motions of the basilar membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cation in endolymph?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cochlear ganglion in the auditory system?

    <p>Convert sound waves into electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does parallel processing start in the auditory system?

    <p>Cochlear nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals?

    <p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cochlear ganglion?

    <p>To transmit electrical signals to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two binaural cues used to localize sounds in space?

    <p>Phase and timing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?

    <p>Opening of potassium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can intensities higher than 90 dB lead to?

    <p>Permanent hearing damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the middle ear ossicles?

    <p>To amplify sound vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cation in endolymph?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system combines complex frequency and amplitude analysis of the dorsal cochlear nucleus with information on sound localization from the superior olivary complex?

    <p>Inferior colliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system is responsible for reflexive orientation to stimuli?

    <p>Inferior colliculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system is located on the upper surface of the temporal lobe?

    <p>Primary auditory cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two binaural cues used to localize sounds in space?

    <p>Interaural level differences and interaural time differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the superior olivary complex in the auditory system?

    <p>Localizes sounds in space using interaural level differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cochlear nucleus in the auditory system?

    <p>Parallel processing of auditory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important attributes of sound that neurons in the cochlear nucleus extract information about?

    <p>Level and timing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defects can occur in the auditory cortex if there are lesions?

    <p>Defects in sound localization, discrimination of temporal pattern, and intelligibility of speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the auditory system is responsible for extracting information about the level, onset, and timing of sounds?

    <p>Cochlear nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cochlea responds to low frequencies?

    <p>Apical end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the efferent system in the cochlea?

    <p>Modify the sensitivity of the cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?

    <p>Mechanical stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the superior olivary complex in the auditory system?

    <p>Process sound localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physical effects of noise on hair bundle structure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the cochlear fluids in the scala media?

    <p>Endolymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can intensities higher than 90 dB lead to?

    <p>Cochlear damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons innervate the outer hair cells in the cochlea?

    <p>Type II spiral neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of channels provided by cochlear implants to substitute for hair cells?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population over the age of 70 has significant high frequency hearing loss?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physical effects of noise on hair bundle structure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the depolarization of hair cells in response to deflection of the hair bundle?

    <p>Opening of calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the cochlea responds to low frequencies?

    <p>Apical end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cochlear ganglion?

    <p>To transmit afferent information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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