CMO: MT Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What hormone stimulates ovulation in the female?

Progesterone

Luteinizing (correct)

Insulin

Oxytocin

What gland secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands?

Pituitary

What hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex?

Adrenocorticotropic

What gland has functions as part of both the endocrine and immune systems?

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

What hormone works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What hormone increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What controls blood sugar levels?

Pancreatic islets Signup and view all the answers

What gland controls the activity of other endocrine glands?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What gland influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What gland regulates electrolyte levels?

Adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

What gland stimulates metabolism?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone in adults known as?

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

What lobe of the pituitary gland secretes growth hormone?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes type 2 is an ___ disorder?

Insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by insufficient production of ADH?

Diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

What is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by defects in what?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is also known as adult hypothyroidism?

Myxedema Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is secreted by the thymus gland?

Thymosin Signup and view all the answers

What is the adrenocorticotropic hormone referred to as?

ACTH Signup and view all the answers

What does ADH stand for?

Antidiuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is diabetes mellitus abbreviated as?

DM Signup and view all the answers

What does FBS stand for?

Fasting blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is follicle-stimulating hormone abbreviated as?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism called?

Thyroid storm Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood?

Hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland called?

Parathyroid Signup and view all the answers

What is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes overproduction of prolactin called?

Prolactinoma Signup and view all the answers

What test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 3 weeks?

Fructosamine Signup and view all the answers

What mineral substances found in the blood include sodium and potassium known as?

Electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

The two primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are triiodothyronine (T3) and what?

Thyroxine Signup and view all the answers

What is the damage to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus known as?

Diabetic retinopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for excessive hunger?

Polyphagia Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal protrusion of the eye out of the orbit called?

Exophthalmos Signup and view all the answers

What is the excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland called?

Hyperpituitarism Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood called?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormones and Their Functions

Luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation in females.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.
Calcitonin works with parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in blood and tissues.
Glucagon increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
Testosterone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics.
Progesterone is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
Thymosin is secreted by the thymus gland and plays a role in immune function.

Endocrine Glands

The pituitary gland secretes hormones controlling other endocrine glands.
The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, regulating various bodily functions.
The adrenal medulla secretes norepinephrine, involved in the body's stress response.
The thyroid gland stimulates metabolism and predominantly secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
The pineal gland influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle.
The thymus functions in both the endocrine and immune systems.

Disorders and Conditions

Cushing's syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.
Diabetes mellitus encompasses a range of diseases characterized by defects in insulin production, use, or action.
Diabetes insipidus results from insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Acromegaly results from excessive growth hormone in adults.
Myxedema refers to adult hypothyroidism.

Measurement and Diagnosis

Fasting blood sugar (FBS) is a test to measure glucose levels post-fasting.
The fructosamine test measures average blood glucose levels over the past three weeks.
Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus.

Other Key Terms

Hypercalcemia is characterized by abnormally high calcium concentrations in the blood.
Diabetes type 2 is described as an insulin resistance disorder.
Electrolytes include essential minerals like sodium and potassium found in the blood.
Hyperpituitarism signifies excess secretion of growth hormone, leading to acromegaly and gigantism.
Polyphagia refers to excessive hunger, a symptom often associated with diabetes.

Notable Characteristics

Exophthalmos is an abnormal protrusion of the eye, often related to thyroid conditions.
The four parathyroid glands are small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and are crucial for calcium regulation.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards from Chapter 13 of the CMO: MT course. This set focuses on key hormones and glands in the endocrine system, including their functions and effects. Perfect for quick reviews and exam preparation.