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Questions and Answers
What hormone stimulates ovulation in the female?
What hormone stimulates ovulation in the female?
- Progesterone
- Luteinizing (correct)
- Insulin
- Oxytocin
What gland secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands?
What gland secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands?
Pituitary
What hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex?
What hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex?
Adrenocorticotropic
What gland has functions as part of both the endocrine and immune systems?
What gland has functions as part of both the endocrine and immune systems?
What hormone works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues?
What hormone works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues?
What is secreted by the adrenal cortex?
What is secreted by the adrenal cortex?
What hormone increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream?
What hormone increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream?
What is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
What is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?
What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?
What hormone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics?
What hormone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics?
What controls blood sugar levels?
What controls blood sugar levels?
What gland controls the activity of other endocrine glands?
What gland controls the activity of other endocrine glands?
What gland influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle?
What gland influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle?
What gland regulates electrolyte levels?
What gland regulates electrolyte levels?
What gland stimulates metabolism?
What gland stimulates metabolism?
What is the hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone in adults known as?
What is the hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone in adults known as?
What lobe of the pituitary gland secretes growth hormone?
What lobe of the pituitary gland secretes growth hormone?
Diabetes type 2 is an ___ disorder?
Diabetes type 2 is an ___ disorder?
What condition is caused by insufficient production of ADH?
What condition is caused by insufficient production of ADH?
What is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?
What is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by defects in what?
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by defects in what?
What is also known as adult hypothyroidism?
What is also known as adult hypothyroidism?
What hormone is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
What hormone is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
What is secreted by the thymus gland?
What is secreted by the thymus gland?
What is the adrenocorticotropic hormone referred to as?
What is the adrenocorticotropic hormone referred to as?
What does ADH stand for?
What does ADH stand for?
What is diabetes mellitus abbreviated as?
What is diabetes mellitus abbreviated as?
What does FBS stand for?
What does FBS stand for?
What is follicle-stimulating hormone abbreviated as?
What is follicle-stimulating hormone abbreviated as?
What is a rare life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism called?
What is a rare life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism called?
What condition is characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood?
What condition is characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium in the blood?
What are the four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland called?
What are the four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland called?
What is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes overproduction of prolactin called?
What is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes overproduction of prolactin called?
What test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 3 weeks?
What test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 3 weeks?
What mineral substances found in the blood include sodium and potassium known as?
What mineral substances found in the blood include sodium and potassium known as?
The two primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are triiodothyronine (T3) and what?
The two primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland are triiodothyronine (T3) and what?
What is the damage to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus known as?
What is the damage to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus known as?
What is the medical term for excessive hunger?
What is the medical term for excessive hunger?
What is the abnormal protrusion of the eye out of the orbit called?
What is the abnormal protrusion of the eye out of the orbit called?
What is the excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland called?
What is the excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland called?
What is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood called?
What is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood called?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Their Functions
- Luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation in females.
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.
- Calcitonin works with parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in blood and tissues.
- Glucagon increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
- Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
- Testosterone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics.
- Progesterone is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
- Thymosin is secreted by the thymus gland and plays a role in immune function.
Endocrine Glands
- The pituitary gland secretes hormones controlling other endocrine glands.
- The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, regulating various bodily functions.
- The adrenal medulla secretes norepinephrine, involved in the body's stress response.
- The thyroid gland stimulates metabolism and predominantly secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
- The pineal gland influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle.
- The thymus functions in both the endocrine and immune systems.
Disorders and Conditions
- Cushing's syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.
- Diabetes mellitus encompasses a range of diseases characterized by defects in insulin production, use, or action.
- Diabetes insipidus results from insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
- Acromegaly results from excessive growth hormone in adults.
- Myxedema refers to adult hypothyroidism.
Measurement and Diagnosis
- Fasting blood sugar (FBS) is a test to measure glucose levels post-fasting.
- The fructosamine test measures average blood glucose levels over the past three weeks.
- Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the retina caused by diabetes mellitus.
Other Key Terms
- Hypercalcemia is characterized by abnormally high calcium concentrations in the blood.
- Diabetes type 2 is described as an insulin resistance disorder.
- Electrolytes include essential minerals like sodium and potassium found in the blood.
- Hyperpituitarism signifies excess secretion of growth hormone, leading to acromegaly and gigantism.
- Polyphagia refers to excessive hunger, a symptom often associated with diabetes.
Notable Characteristics
- Exophthalmos is an abnormal protrusion of the eye, often related to thyroid conditions.
- The four parathyroid glands are small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and are crucial for calcium regulation.
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