CMD Final Review: Lectures 7-14

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Questions and Answers

What is the outermost layer of the vocal folds?

Vocal ligaments

Thyrovocalis muscle

Lamina Propria

Epithelium (correct)

Which of the following structures is responsible for the adduction and abduction of the vocal folds?

Thyrovocalis muscle

Arytenoid cartilages (correct)

Lamina Propria

Hyoid bone

During which activity are the vocal folds adducted?

Speech (correct)

Physical exercise

Forced inhalation

Quiet breathing

What is the primary function of the vocal ligaments?

Aid in the modulation of sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the posterior glottis at rest during quiet breathing?

8 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vocal fold is referred to as the 'body'?

Lamina propria: collagen fibers and thyrovocalis muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

It is the only bone that does not attach to any other bone. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the glottis during forced inhalation?

It opens widely. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle?

To converge the vocal folds. Signup and view all the answers

Which intrinsic muscle is chiefly responsible for pitch change?

Cricothyroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscle?

To assist in vocal fold abduction. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group contributes to the glottal tensors?

Cricothyroid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Interarytenoid muscles is true?

They pull the arytenoids together to support medial compression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the false folds in the laryngeal system?

Protecting the true vocal folds Signup and view all the answers

Which laryngeal muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the hyoid bone?

Digastricus Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature separates the true vocal folds from the false vocal folds?

Laryngeal ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle functions as a lingual depressor and hyoid elevator?

Hyoglossus Signup and view all the answers

The epiglottis plays a critical role during which process?

Swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides innervation to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Cranial nerve X (vagus) Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the geniohyoid muscle?

Elevating and drawing the hyoid forward Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle groups is responsible for adducting the vocal folds?

Intrinsic muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily involved in depressing the thyroid cartilage?

Sternothyroid Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found medial to the hyoid and comprises a single piece of cartilage?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main muscle responsible for lip movement and facial expression?

Orbicularis Oris Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for connecting the upper lip to the midline of the alveolar region?

Superior Labial Frenulum Signup and view all the answers

What function does the buccinator primarily serve?

Mastication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for retracting the lips at the corners of the mouth?

Risorius Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the innervation of the orbicularis oris?

CN VII: Facial Signup and view all the answers

What are the three muscles primarily responsible for upper lip elevation?

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi, Levator Labii Superioris, Zygomaticus Major Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark is located on the upper lip and is crucial for identifying facial symmetry?

Cupid's Bow Signup and view all the answers

Which of these muscles is positioned deep to the risorius?

Buccinator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx in the context of speech?

Creating sound waves for voicing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about respiratory cycles is true?

Quiet breathing is characterized as tidal respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Bernoulli effect explain in the context of speech?

The increase of airflow with decreased air pressure at constriction Signup and view all the answers

Which lung capacity measures the total air in the lungs after maximum exhalation?

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of life breathing?

Inhalation occurs primarily through the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the extrinsic ligaments associated with the larynx?

To provide attachment between the hyoid or trachea and laryngeal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) in lung function?

It is the quantity of air that can be inhaled after natural inhalation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC)?

VC is less than TLC by the amount of residual volume. Signup and view all the answers

During strenuous breathing, how much do oxygen requirements typically increase?

By a factor of 20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of speech breathing compared to life breathing?

Air intake occurs at the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cartilages is unpaired in the larynx?

Thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What physiological mechanism aids in creating a vacuum to adduct the vocal folds during phonation?

Decreased air pressure between folds Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyriform sinus in the laryngeal system?

To create a space between the aryepiglottic fold and thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the register of glottal fry?

Vocal folds are flaccid and thick, which causes a crackly voice quality. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about falsetto?

It requires the vocal folds to be lengthened and thinned by cricothyroid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest mobile articulator in the articulatory system?

Tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes pressed phonation?

It involves greatly increased medial compression, resulting in a strong voice quality. Signup and view all the answers

In the oral cavity, which structures define its posterior boundary?

Pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the labia in the vocal tract?

To open and close, facilitating articulation. Signup and view all the answers

How are the three parts of the pharyngeal cavity divided?

By the nasal cavity and oral cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of the vocal folds is essential for producing the mucosal wave in modal register?

Opening from inferior to superior. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure marks the end of the velum?

Uvula Signup and view all the answers

What defines the breathy phonation quality?

Flaccid vocal folds with air escaping during phonation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

CMD Final Review

Review topics covered in lectures 7-14
Lectures cover physiology of respiration to the anatomy of the ear, with a focus on speech perception and production.

LECTURE 7: Physiology of Respiration

Respiration controlled by muscles, dependent on activity levels.
Inspiration is always an active process; expiration can be passive or active.
Respiration involves the exchange of air, inhalation and exhalation.
Respiratory pressures include atmospheric, intraoral, subglottal, and intrapleural pressures.
Quiet breathing involves tidal volume.
Forced breathing uses larger volumes of air.
Lung volumes and capacities are key respiratory measurements.
Perfusion and diffusion are also important aspects of respiration.

LECTURE 8: Phonation

Speech depends on respiration.
Exhalation produces sound waves at the larynx.
Bernoulli Effect is crucial for producing speech.
Larynx is essential for sound production, including phonation.

LECTURE 9: Laryngeal System - Extrinsic Ligaments

Extrinsic ligaments attach the larynx to other structures (hyoid, trachea).
Laryngeal ligaments, membranes, and cartilages connect and support structures.

LECTURE 10: Laryngeal Muscles

Laryngeal muscles (extrinsic and intrinsic) control movements of the larynx.
Extrinsic muscles move the larynx, while intrinsic muscles control vocal fold movements.
Innervation of these muscles is crucial for proper function.

LECTURE 11: Physiology of Phonation

Nonspeech laryngeal activities include coughing and throat clearing.
Quiet, forced, and whispered respiration involve different levels of vocal fold abduction.
Different types of vocal attacks are important for producing speech.

LECTURE 12: Articulatory System

Articulatory system includes the tongue, mandible, lips, velum, pharynx, and associated structures.
Different cavities (oral, nasal, pharynx etc.) are important for producing speech sounds.

LECTURE 13: Articulatory System - Palate

The anatomy of the palate is essential for speech production.
Bony and soft palate structures are key.
Palate forms part of the oral cavity.
The palate is covered by epithelial layers.

LECTURE 14: Speech Perception

Perception involves understanding speech.
The auditory system is crucial for speech perception.
The structure of the ear.
Peripheral and central auditory systems function together.

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Description

This quiz covers key topics from CMD lectures 7-14, focusing on the physiology of respiration, phonation, and the anatomy of the ear as it relates to speech perception and production. Prepare to test your understanding of how respiration and sound production interact in the context of speech.