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What caused a greater religious crisis than Darwinism in England?
What caused a greater religious crisis than Darwinism in England?
Darwin's loss of faith was primarily due to his acceptance of Christianity.
Darwin's loss of faith was primarily due to his acceptance of Christianity.
False
What narrative was partly used by figures like Huxley to professionalize science?
What narrative was partly used by figures like Huxley to professionalize science?
The conflict narrative between science and religion
The British Empire accounted for _____ of the surface of the earth and _____ of the population of the world in 1897.
The British Empire accounted for _____ of the surface of the earth and _____ of the population of the world in 1897.
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What was considered a marker of civilization used by the British Empire?
What was considered a marker of civilization used by the British Empire?
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Match the following key dates with their corresponding events:
Match the following key dates with their corresponding events:
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Geology only began challenging biblical interpretations after Darwin's theory of evolution.
Geology only began challenging biblical interpretations after Darwin's theory of evolution.
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What term refers to the belief in the duty of the developed civilizations to impose development on underdeveloped ones?
What term refers to the belief in the duty of the developed civilizations to impose development on underdeveloped ones?
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Who is considered the founder of ethnology?
Who is considered the founder of ethnology?
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The Ethnological Society of London operated from 1843 to 1871.
The Ethnological Society of London operated from 1843 to 1871.
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What was the motto of the Aboriginal Protection Society?
What was the motto of the Aboriginal Protection Society?
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James Hunt rejected Darwin's theory of _____ and believed in fixed racial types.
James Hunt rejected Darwin's theory of _____ and believed in fixed racial types.
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Match the following individuals with their beliefs or contributions:
Match the following individuals with their beliefs or contributions:
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What did the British Association for the Advancement of Science initially refuse in 1844?
What did the British Association for the Advancement of Science initially refuse in 1844?
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Biological determinism provided complex explanations favoring the loser's perspective.
Biological determinism provided complex explanations favoring the loser's perspective.
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What was the main focus of racial science from the 1870s to 1900?
What was the main focus of racial science from the 1870s to 1900?
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What significant impact did technological developments have on Victorian society?
What significant impact did technological developments have on Victorian society?
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The idea of evolution was widely accepted among educated British men prior to 1859.
The idea of evolution was widely accepted among educated British men prior to 1859.
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Who formulated the watchmaker analogy to explain the existence of God?
Who formulated the watchmaker analogy to explain the existence of God?
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Erasmus Darwin is known for his belief that all living creatures came from a common __________.
Erasmus Darwin is known for his belief that all living creatures came from a common __________.
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Which scientific figure is associated with the first book on evolution, 'Philosophie Zoologique'?
Which scientific figure is associated with the first book on evolution, 'Philosophie Zoologique'?
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Match the individual with their contribution to the idea of evolution:
Match the individual with their contribution to the idea of evolution:
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The relationship between science and religion was seen as conflicting during the Victorian period.
The relationship between science and religion was seen as conflicting during the Victorian period.
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What was the view of science in the early 19th century according to the president of the Royal Society?
What was the view of science in the early 19th century according to the president of the Royal Society?
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What major historical event in 1789 influenced the political climate in Britain, contributing to fears of revolution?
What major historical event in 1789 influenced the political climate in Britain, contributing to fears of revolution?
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Science was viewed as a daunting subject that was hard to understand for the Victorian middle classes.
Science was viewed as a daunting subject that was hard to understand for the Victorian middle classes.
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What was one reason for the movement to professionalize science during the late 19th century?
What was one reason for the movement to professionalize science during the late 19th century?
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The Royal Society was primarily regarded as a __________ club during the 19th century.
The Royal Society was primarily regarded as a __________ club during the 19th century.
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Which of the following individuals was mentioned as a leader in the amateur tradition of British science?
Which of the following individuals was mentioned as a leader in the amateur tradition of British science?
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Match the year with its corresponding historical fact regarding British science:
Match the year with its corresponding historical fact regarding British science:
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The Victorian middle classes were unified in their perception of religion and politics.
The Victorian middle classes were unified in their perception of religion and politics.
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What did gentlemen amateurs of science seek, as mentioned in the late 19th century?
What did gentlemen amateurs of science seek, as mentioned in the late 19th century?
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What was the primary ideology regarding women's roles in the first half of the 19th century?
What was the primary ideology regarding women's roles in the first half of the 19th century?
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Marriage was seen as the only respectable career option for women during the 19th century.
Marriage was seen as the only respectable career option for women during the 19th century.
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What notable work did Mary Wollstonecraft author?
What notable work did Mary Wollstonecraft author?
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The legal principle known as ______ indicated that a married woman's property became her husband's.
The legal principle known as ______ indicated that a married woman's property became her husband's.
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Match the following individuals with their contributions to women's rights:
Match the following individuals with their contributions to women's rights:
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What was one of the first demands of the organized women's movement in the late 19th century?
What was one of the first demands of the organized women's movement in the late 19th century?
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Women in the 19th century were legally treated as minors even after marriage.
Women in the 19th century were legally treated as minors even after marriage.
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What two contrasting views emerged regarding the reasons for women's perceived inferiority?
What two contrasting views emerged regarding the reasons for women's perceived inferiority?
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Which of the following inventions was developed by George Stephenson?
Which of the following inventions was developed by George Stephenson?
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The Great Exhibition of 1851, organized by Prince Albert, promoted protectionism and international conflict.
The Great Exhibition of 1851, organized by Prince Albert, promoted protectionism and international conflict.
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What was the primary reason for the public's disillusionment with science during the Counter Movement?
What was the primary reason for the public's disillusionment with science during the Counter Movement?
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Britain was the first country to achieve __________ during the 19th century.
Britain was the first country to achieve __________ during the 19th century.
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Match the following figures with their contributions:
Match the following figures with their contributions:
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What was one political drawback faced during the 1880s related to science?
What was one political drawback faced during the 1880s related to science?
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The Transatlantic Telegraph cable was successfully laid in 1858.
The Transatlantic Telegraph cable was successfully laid in 1858.
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What did the steam engine primarily use to operate?
What did the steam engine primarily use to operate?
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Study Notes
CM Civilisation G.B: Science and Education
- Science is intrinsically linked to education; scientists need education
- 19th-century British Universities: Ancient English universities (Oxford and Cambridge) were initially exclusive. Over time, other groups were admitted (e.g. Catholics and Dissenters). Secular universities emerged, such as University College London and University of London to offer alternatives to Oxbridge institutions.
- Changes in University Curricula: Liberal education dominated until the 1860s. Subjects like Classics at Oxford and Cambridge were prevalent. However, natural science courses became more prominent. Graduates increasingly pursued law, medicine, or engineering.
- Reasons for Resistance to Science at Oxbridge: -Established classical traditions did not require significant funding for equipment or staff. -Existing institutional structures fostered resistance to change. -Ancient statutes were often inflexible, hindering change.
- Reasons for Introducing Science into University Curricula: -International industrial competition. -Technical advancements abroad encouraged adoption of these innovations. -Increased volume of products from other countries pushed for improvement.
- Science in New Provincial Universities: -Focus was on scientific disciplines rather than humanities as a way to contribute to regional development. -Provincial universities often established close ties with local industries
CM Civilisation G.B: Scientific Societies
- Scientific societies were centers for scientific practice in Victorian Britain.
- The Royal Society, the oldest, was prestigious, with exclusive membership and high fees. Its influence waned, in part due to the perceived difficulty of attendance for those not from privileged backgrounds.
- The British Association for the Advancement of Science became a significant umbrella organisation. Annual meetings took place throughout Britain.
- Provincial scientific societies emerged with various scientific interests. They were more inclusive and allowed for community engagement.
CM Civilisation G.B: Scientific Societies: Governance and Activities
- Scientific societies often resembled businesses, with elected officers.
- Members included: president, vice president, treasurer and secretary.
- Activities included meetings to discuss and demonstrate scientific work, presentations of papers, publishing journals, and social gatherings.
- Meetings were a way to share knowledge and foster collaboration.
CM Civilisation G.B: Amateur and Professional Traditions in British Science
- Science was regarded as a gentleman's pursuit.
- Individuals with notable backgrounds and wealth dominated science, resulting in the status of science as a gentleman's hobby.
- Professionalism in science emerged. Scientists started pursuing science as a profession, with salary and academic recognition. This contributed to advancement in the field.
CM Civilisation G.B: Darwin's Theory of Evolution
- Darwin's ideas on evolution, were not new, although he provided compelling mechanisms through which they occurred.
- Darwin's family held somewhat unconventional beliefs. There was an interesting combination of eccentricities.
- Darwin's observations during his voyage on the Beagle contributed substantially to his understanding.
- Darwin's aim was to solve the problem of species. Linnaean system of taxonomy was important.
- Darwin's theory was met with resistance and debate. -Debate had religious implications. Debate between scientist-clergymen about the conflict between religion and science. -Darwin himself rejected Christianity due to moral concerns.
- There was increased secularization. The conflict between science and religion was not as stark as it was sometimes portrayed.
CM Civilisation G.B: Science and Gender
- Victorian society held specific gender roles; those roles limited women’s access to education and employment.
- Education opportunities were restricted; women received superficial or decorative education in comparison to men.
- Women had fewer job opportunities.
- Women could be governesses or teachers; formal employment opportunities were limited, and women were considered to be confined in the domestic sphere.
CM Civilisation G.B: Pseudosciences in 19th-Century Britain
- Pseudosciences, like phrenology, gained popularity, often with a strong social following. They were largely seen as a way to analyze the human mind and body.
- These practices were not taken as seriously and were challenged by scientific communities. Scientists debated the viability of these fields.
- Pseudosciences drew upon the desire for explanation and influenced understandings of nature and human nature.
CM Civilisation G.B: Science and the Empire
- The British Empire's rapid expansion shaped notions of civilization and race.
- Civilized markers were often connected to religion (Christianity) and social organization.
- The idea of race was a powerful force during this time, impacting policies and societal norms.
- Enlightenment ideas helped shape the practice of classification.
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Description
Explore the evolution of science education in 19th-century Britain. This quiz covers the transition from exclusive classical curricula in prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge to the rise of natural sciences and secular institutions. Understand the resistance faced by scientific disciplines and the eventual changes in university education.
