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Questions and Answers
Prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually _____ year.
Prospective studies of children and adolescents have found that the age of onset for the first depressive episode is usually _____ year.
- 7 to 10
- 10 to 12
- 16 to 18
- 13 to 15 (correct)
When symptoms of depressed mood occur for most of the day on most days, and persist for at least one year, that is known as:
When symptoms of depressed mood occur for most of the day on most days, and persist for at least one year, that is known as:
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
- Chronic depressive symptoms disorder (CDSD)
- Persistent depressive disorder (P-DD) (correct)
A history of depression during the school years increase the risk for later:
A history of depression during the school years increase the risk for later:
- Underemployment
- Aggressive behavior
- Resilience
- Suicidal behavior (correct)
Youngsters who have an onset of depression prior to age 15 and a recurrent episode prior to age 20 are likely to:
Youngsters who have an onset of depression prior to age 15 and a recurrent episode prior to age 20 are likely to:
Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the prevalence of depression among males and females?
Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the prevalence of depression among males and females?
The increased risk for depression among adolescent girls compared to boys has been attributed to:
The increased risk for depression among adolescent girls compared to boys has been attributed to:
Adolescent girls may be at higher risk for depression if they have a history of:
Adolescent girls may be at higher risk for depression if they have a history of:
A recent study found that in transition from adolescence to young adulthood, depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/racial groups?
A recent study found that in transition from adolescence to young adulthood, depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/racial groups?
Double depression occurs when:
Double depression occurs when:
The most prevalent co-occurring disorder/s with dysthymic disorder is/are:
The most prevalent co-occurring disorder/s with dysthymic disorder is/are:
The central feature of _____ is chronic, severe persistent irritability.
The central feature of _____ is chronic, severe persistent irritability.
Which of these diagnostic statements about DMDD is false?
Which of these diagnostic statements about DMDD is false?
Which symptom interferes with normal youth development of interpersonal relationships?
Which symptom interferes with normal youth development of interpersonal relationships?
Which of the following statements about suicide is true?
Which of the following statements about suicide is true?
Which of the following statements about DMDD is true?
Which of the following statements about DMDD is true?
The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection, and does not occur in many children who do, is support again which theory of depression?
The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection, and does not occur in many children who do, is support again which theory of depression?
The _____ theory of depression focusses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression.
The _____ theory of depression focusses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression.
Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement?
Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement?
Depression-prone individuals tend to make _____ attributions for the causes of negative events.
Depression-prone individuals tend to make _____ attributions for the causes of negative events.
_____ are the negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.
_____ are the negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.
Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals _____.
Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals _____.
The “cognitive triad” refers to:
The “cognitive triad” refers to:
_____ view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals
_____ view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals
The single best predictor of a child's risk for major depressive disorder is:
The single best predictor of a child's risk for major depressive disorder is:
Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of _____.
Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of _____.
In general, brain activity in youths with depression is LESS active than normal in regions of the brain associated with which of the following?
In general, brain activity in youths with depression is LESS active than normal in regions of the brain associated with which of the following?
What is not a typical characteristic of families of children with depression?
What is not a typical characteristic of families of children with depression?
In comparison to nondepressed children, those with depression experience _____ in the year preceding their depression.
In comparison to nondepressed children, those with depression experience _____ in the year preceding their depression.
The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are:
The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are:
A therapy for young people that focuses on helping the youth become more aware of pessimistic and negative thoughts, as well as casual attributions of self-blame for failure, is known as:
A therapy for young people that focuses on helping the youth become more aware of pessimistic and negative thoughts, as well as casual attributions of self-blame for failure, is known as:
The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is _____.
The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is _____.
Due to recent findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self-harm of young people using SSRIs to treat depression, the FDA has mandated:
Due to recent findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self-harm of young people using SSRIs to treat depression, the FDA has mandated:
Which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false?
Which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false?
Regarding bipolar disorder, boys display _____.
Regarding bipolar disorder, boys display _____.
Children or adolescents who display numerous and persistent hypomanic and depressive symptoms can be classified as having _____.
Children or adolescents who display numerous and persistent hypomanic and depressive symptoms can be classified as having _____.
It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD. Is this diagnostic statement about DMDD false?
It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD. Is this diagnostic statement about DMDD false?
Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals:
Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals:
Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of:
Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of:
The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are _____.
The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are _____.
Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys. Is this statement regarding bipolar disorder in young people false?
Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys. Is this statement regarding bipolar disorder in young people false?
Regarding bipolar disorder, boys display:
Regarding bipolar disorder, boys display:
Common symptoms of BP (Bipolar spectrum) that are present in years preceding an initial manic episode include all of the following EXCEPT _______.
Common symptoms of BP (Bipolar spectrum) that are present in years preceding an initial manic episode include all of the following EXCEPT _______.
Which disorder is least likely to co-occur with bipolar disorder in young people?
Which disorder is least likely to co-occur with bipolar disorder in young people?
Bipolar disorder appears to be the result of _______.
Bipolar disorder appears to be the result of _______.
Brain imaging studies in adolescents with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that _______.
Brain imaging studies in adolescents with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that _______.
In general, _______ is the first choice in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
In general, _______ is the first choice in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Dr. Smith prescribes Sally a certain medication for the treatment of bipolar disorder; it causes weight gain. Which treatment is Sally taking?
Dr. Smith prescribes Sally a certain medication for the treatment of bipolar disorder; it causes weight gain. Which treatment is Sally taking?
Which comorbid disorder is more frequently found in bulimia nervosa compared with anorexia nervosa?
Which comorbid disorder is more frequently found in bulimia nervosa compared with anorexia nervosa?
Anorexia has a higher prevalence rate than bulimia.
Anorexia has a higher prevalence rate than bulimia.
What is one key way in which bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder differ?
What is one key way in which bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder differ?
Which disorder is most commonly comorbid with eating disorders?
Which disorder is most commonly comorbid with eating disorders?
Why was amenorrhea removed as a criterion for anorexia nervosa?
Why was amenorrhea removed as a criterion for anorexia nervosa?
Which model posits that the idealization of thinness and unremitting portrayals of slim role models in the media contribute to widespread body dissatisfaction?
Which model posits that the idealization of thinness and unremitting portrayals of slim role models in the media contribute to widespread body dissatisfaction?
BN in DSM-5 has two subtypes, purging and non-purging. True or False?
BN in DSM-5 has two subtypes, purging and non-purging. True or False?
Which is an indicator of most severe psychopathology in females with eating disorders?
Which is an indicator of most severe psychopathology in females with eating disorders?
Which disorder is extremely rare in African American females?
Which disorder is extremely rare in African American females?
What are the two forms of anorexia nervosa?
What are the two forms of anorexia nervosa?
What does exposure treatment describe?
What does exposure treatment describe?
Flashcards
Age of Onset for Depression
Age of Onset for Depression
The typical age of onset for the first depressive episode in children and adolescents is between 13 and 15 years.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (P-DD)
Persistent Depressive Disorder (P-DD)
Persistent Depressive Disorder (P-DD) involves depressed mood for most of the day, on most days, for at least one year.
Depression and Suicide Risk
Depression and Suicide Risk
A history of depression during school years increases the risk for suicidal behavior later in life.
Early Onset Depression Prognosis
Early Onset Depression Prognosis
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Gender Differences in Depression
Gender Differences in Depression
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Rumination and Depression in Girls
Rumination and Depression in Girls
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Interpersonal Stress and Depression
Interpersonal Stress and Depression
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Ethnic/Racial Groups and Depression
Ethnic/Racial Groups and Depression
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Double Depression
Double Depression
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Dysthymia and Co-Occurring Disorders
Dysthymia and Co-Occurring Disorders
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Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
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DMDD Diagnostic Rules
DMDD Diagnostic Rules
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Social Withdrawal
Social Withdrawal
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Suicide Methods
Suicide Methods
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Treatment for DMDD
Treatment for DMDD
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Psychodynamic Theory of Depression
Psychodynamic Theory of Depression
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Behavioral Theory of Depression
Behavioral Theory of Depression
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Attributions of Negative Events
Attributions of Negative Events
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Depressogenic Cognitions
Depressogenic Cognitions
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The Cognitive Triad
The Cognitive Triad
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Self-Control Theories
Self-Control Theories
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Predictors of Depression
Predictors of Depression
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Brain Acitivity and Depression
Brain Acitivity and Depression
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Stressful Events and Depression
Stressful Events and Depression
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Successful Treatments for MDD
Successful Treatments for MDD
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Approved SSRI for Children
Approved SSRI for Children
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Bipolar Disorder: Gender Differences
Bipolar Disorder: Gender Differences
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Cyclothymic Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
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Bipolar Etiology
Bipolar Etiology
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First-Line Bipolar Treatment
First-Line Bipolar Treatment
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Information-processing biases
Information-processing biases
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FDA Mandate
FDA Mandate
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Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
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Bipolar Disorder Comorbidity
Bipolar Disorder Comorbidity
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Risperidone
Risperidone
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Bulimia's comorbidity
Bulimia's comorbidity
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Anorexia vs. Bulimia
Anorexia vs. Bulimia
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Bulimia vs. BED
Bulimia vs. BED
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Common comorbidity with Eating Disorders
Common comorbidity with Eating Disorders
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Thinness idealization
Thinness idealization
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Purging vs. Non- Purging
Purging vs. Non- Purging
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Severe psychopathology's
Severe psychopathology's
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Anorexia Rate
Anorexia Rate
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Anorexia Subtypes
Anorexia Subtypes
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Exposure treatment
Exposure treatment
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Obsessions
Obsessions
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Anticipated panic
Anticipated panic
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In vivo exposure
In vivo exposure
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PTSD research
PTSD research
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PTSD
PTSD
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"Out-of-body" experiences.
"Out-of-body" experiences.
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PTSD and ASD
PTSD and ASD
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Treatment for PTSD
Treatment for PTSD
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Perception of Unreality
Perception of Unreality
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Trauma Diagnostic Criterion
Trauma Diagnostic Criterion
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Neuroimaging studies of PTSD
Neuroimaging studies of PTSD
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Treatment vs. Prevention
Treatment vs. Prevention
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Dual representation model
Dual representation model
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CBT Therapy
CBT Therapy
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What about everyone else
What about everyone else
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Study Notes
Preparation for Finals: CM 598
- The typical age of onset for a first depressive episode in children/adolescents is 13-15 years.
- Depressed mood symptoms occurring most days for at least a year is persistent depressive disorder (P-DD).
- A history of depression during school years increases the risk for later suicidal behavior.
- Youngsters with depression onset before 15 and a recurrent episode before 20 are likely to have severe depression as a teen with poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult.
- Depression is equally common in preadolescent boys and girls, but after age 13, it impacts females more.
- Higher depression risk in adolescent girls compared to boys is due to their tendency to use ruminative coping styles to deal with stress.
- Adolescent girls with a history of interpersonal stress and lack of social support are more likely to have depression.
- Depressive symptoms in the transition from adolescence to young adulthood were highest for Hispanic and Asian groups in a recent study.
- Double depression occurs when major depressive disorder (MDD) is superimposed on persistent depressive disorder (P-DD).
- Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent co-occurring disorders with dysthymic disorder.
- The central feature of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is chronic, severe persistent irritability.
- A false diagnostic statement about DMDD: it cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD.
- Social withdrawal interferes with normal interpersonal relationship development.
- A true statement about suicide is drug overdoses and wrist cutting are the most common means for adolescents who successfully complete suicide.
- A true statement about DMDD is effective courses of treatment for DMDD are unknown.
- Depression occurring in youngsters without loss or rejection supports a psychodynamic theory of depression.
- Attachment theory focuses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression.
- Behavioral theory claims depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement.
- Depression-prone individuals attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global causes.
- Depressogenic cognitions are negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms.
- Depressed individuals display information-processing biases that are based on poor faulty memory systems.
- The "cognitive triad" refers to a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self, the world, and the future.
- Self-control theories view youngsters with depression as having difficulty organizing their behavior in relation to long-term goals.
- The single best predictor of a child's risk for major depressive disorder is a family history of depression.
- Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of physical injuries.
- Brain activity in youths with depression is less active than normal in regions associated with sensory processes.
- Under-involvement is not a typical characteristic of families of children with depression.
- Depressed children experience more severe stressful events and more daily hassles in the year preceding their depression, compared to non-depressed children.
- The most successful treatments for major depressive disorder are CBT and IPT-A.
- Cognitive therapy focuses on helping youths become more aware of pessimistic and negative thoughts, as well as casual attributions of self-blame for failure.
- Fluoxetine (Prozac) is currently FDA-approved for treating depression in children.
- The FDA has mandated warning labels on medication and patient education guides due to findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self-harm of young people using SSRIs.
- Girls are not more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys.
- Boys with bipolar disorder display more manic behaviors than girls.
- Children/adolescents with numerous and persistent hypomanic and depressive symptoms can be classified as having cyclothymic disorder.
- Major depressive disorder is the diagnosis a child is least likely to receive.
- Lethargy or a lack of is not a common symptom of BP present in the years preceding an initial manic episode.
- Mental retardation is least likely to co-occur with bipolar disorder in young people.
- Bipolar disorder seems to result from a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental factors.
- Brain imaging studies point to abnormalities in brain parts that regulate emotion in adolescents with bipolar disorder.
- Lithium is generally the first choice in treating bipolar disorder.
- Valproate is a medication used for bipolar disorder that causes weight gain.
- Alcohol abuse is more frequently found in bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa.
- Anorexia does not have a higher prevalence rate than bulimia. This statement is false.
- Binge eating episodes are always present in BED (Binge Eating Disorder), but not bulimia nervosa.
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the most common comorbidity with eating disorders.
- Amenorrhea may exclude women who are pre-menopausal or athletes which is why it was removed as a criterion for anorexia nervosa.
- The sociocultural model posits idealization of thinness, and portrayals of slim role models in the media contribute to widespread body dissatisfaction.
- BN in DSM-5 has two subtypes, purging and non-purging is a false statement.
- Laxative use is an indicator of most severe psychopathology in females with eating disorders.
- Anorexia nervosa is extremely rare in African American females.
- The two forms of anorexia nervosa involve binge eating/purging and restricting.
- Exposure treatment involves treatments based on imaging, watching or actually doing phobia-related activities.
- Obsessions are defined as intrusive unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses experienced as aversive, alien, or frightening.
- Panic attacks are defined as sudden rushes of intense anxiety or discomfort that can be disturbing and leave a lasting residue of dread and disability.
- Panic is not an example of a psychosocial problem.
- Perceived danger: The perceived likelihood, from 0% to 100%, of a harmful outcome resulting from a given action.
- Anticipated panic: The likelihood from 0% to 100%, that doing a task would result in a panic attack.
- In vivo exposure: When people directly perform their avoided activities.
- The hippocampus is a brain area of interest to PTSD research due to its association with conditioned fear and associative learning.
- Cognitive treatments in psychosocial treatment for PTSD focus on changes people's understanding of trauma and meaning in their life.
- Depersonalization refers to "out-of-body" experiences
- PTSD and ASD do not differ in the exposure to a threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
- Skills-based treatments for PTSD do not focus on the trauma as much as other treatments.
- Derealization is the perception of unreality of being in a dreamlike state.
- What distinguishes trauma and stressor related disorders from other DSM disorders is exposure to an event is a required diagnostic criterion.
- Neuroimaging studies of PTSD have primarily focused on areas involved in fear conditioning and extinction.
- Prevention attempts aim to prevent psychopathology, as treatment attempts to treat psychopathology once it develops.
- The dual representation model of memory in PTSD indicates sensory representations are overrepresented.
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Description
Typical onset of depression is 13-15 years. Depression during school years increases the risk of suicide. After age 13, depression impacts females more. Adolescent girls with a history of interpersonal stress and a lack of social support are more likely to develop depression.
