Cloud Storage and Database Concepts
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What type of storage organizes data as an array of unrelated blocks?

  • Shared File Systems
  • File Storage
  • Object Storage
  • Block Storage (correct)

    • Which storage option is characterized by using virtual containers that include data, attributes, and metadata?

  • Database Storage
  • Object Storage (correct)
  • Block Storage
  • File Storage

    • Which characteristic of storage measures expected downtime?

  • Security
  • Cost
  • Durability
  • Availability (correct)

    • What is an example of File Storage?

    <p>Network Attached Storage (NAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of database includes both relational and non-relational types?

    <p>Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage solution offers the highest durability percentage?

    <p>Copies in three AZ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using Amazon EBS compared to instance storage?

    <p>It handles point-in-time snapshotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT typically associated with object storage?

    <p>Block-level access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is Network Attached Storage (NAS) most appropriately used?

    <p>For persisting unstructured data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the storage pricing for Standard Storage in us-east-1?

    <p>$0.023 per GB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Google Filestore?

    <p>It provides high IOPS at low latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is a benefit of using Snapshots in Amazon EBS?

    <p>They can expand the volume size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of storage is best suited for databases requiring low latency?

    <p>Amazon EBS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main components of a database?

    <p>Storage pool and management system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of database is designed to support ACID transactions?

    <p>Relational Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ACID stand for in database transactions?

    <p>Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which database type is appropriate for storing document information?

    <p>Document Database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consistency is NOT guaranteed by all databases?

    <p>Dynamic consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do global transactional databases ensure their availability?

    <p>By supporting horizontal scalability across regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of relational databases over other types of databases?

    <p>Comprehensive query language for data manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cloud-managed SQL databases?

    <p>They utilize pre-configured VMs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Cloud Storage bucket names is true?

    <p>Bucket names need to be unique globally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to noncurrent object versions in Cloud Storage?

    <p>They do not appear in requests unless specified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical use case for S3?

    <p>High-frequency transactional database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Cloud Storage files?

    <p>They are treated as atomic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about data lifecycle management is accurate?

    <p>Data can be actively managed for different storage environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of data retention policy?

    <p>Purchase Order – 3 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for cross-region replication of objects in Cloud Storage?

    <p>Object versioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding unlimited space in Cloud Storage?

    <p>There are no global limits on the total amount of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does object lock apply to Cloud Storage?

    <p>It can apply to a specific version of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context is 'unlimited space' applied in Cloud Storage?

    <p>Available worldwide for all types of files.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cloud Storage and Database

    • Cloud storage offers various types, including block storage, file storage, and object storage.
    • Block storage organizes data as blocks, and file storage manages data through files.
    • Object storage stores data in virtual containers (objects) with metadata.

    Storage Characteristics

    • Durability: Measured by expected data loss. Options include single-site, two-site, and multi-site copies, offering 99.99% to 99.9999% durability.
    • Availability: Measured by expected downtime. Includes site redundancy and recovery measures.
    • Security: Security measures for data at rest and in transit.
    • Cost: Storage cost varies per unit (e.g., $/GB).
    • Scalability: Upward storage capacity and user base growth.
    • Performance: Performance metrics like flexibility, storage size, and bandwidth per unit (e.g., $/GB).
    • Integration: Ability to interact via API or with other services.

    Block Storage

    • Instance storage is temporary and attached to host hardware, ideal for storing information subject to change or replication across instances.
    • SSDs and HDDs, various types with specific characteristics (e.g., general purpose SSD).
    • Includes snapshots for incremental point-in-time copies.

    File Storage

    • Network Attached Storage (NAS) and File Systems (like AWS Elastic File System or Google Filestore) provide file storage.
    • Suitable for scenarios needing high I/O operations and low latency access.
    • Offers high performance suitable for databases and other performance-sensitive services.

    Object Storage

    • Offers web accessibility through APIs or HTTPS.
    • Highly durable (e.g., 99.9999999% design) and limitlessly scalable.
    • Multiple data tiers to match workload and data lifecycle rules.
    • Suitable for static website hosting, security, compliance, and audit capabilities.
    • Standard storage pricing varies based on region (e.g., $0.023/GB).

    Database Concepts

    • A database is a structured collection of information for easy access, management, and updates.
    • Databases consist of a storage pool and a management system.
    • Different types of databases include Relational, Key-Value, Document, Wide Column and Graph Databases.

    ACID Properties in DBMS

    • Atomicity: Transactions either complete entirely or not at all.
    • Consistency: Databases maintain consistency before and after transactions, strong and eventual.
    • Isolation: Multiple transactions execute independently without interference.
    • Durability: Successful transactions persist even if the system crashes.

    DB Services

    • Database services like Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) manage databases on EC2.
    • Managed services simplify tasks like scaling, backups, and patches, allowing you to focus on application optimization.

    Relational Database

    • Highly structured data stores, designed to prevent anomalies while offering query languages to manipulate data.
    • Support ACID transactions and typically use SQL.
    • Cloud-managed relational databases exist (e.g., AWS Aurora, PostgreSQL).
    • Use pre-configured VMs, auto backups, REST APIs, high scalability with CPU and memory.

    Global Transactional Database

    • Fully managed Relational database services used in distributed systems needing high availability (e.g., financial trading).
    • Support strong consistency, horizontal scalability, and high availability (e.g., 99.999%).
    • GCP Cloud Spanner is a relevant and applicable service.

    DataWarehouse

    • Relational databases optimized for storing and querying large datasets.
    • Supports fast queries for large volumes of data, with batch and streaming job support.
    • Tools like BigQuery and Redshift are common choices.

    Non-Relational Database

    • Databases that don't rely on the tabular schema of rows and columns, optimizing for particular data types.
    • These include document, graph, key-value, and wide-column models.

    Key-Value Database

    • Stores data as key-value pairs, suitable for session stores and shopping carts. Offers horizontal scalability compared to traditional models.
    • DynamoDB is a common example of this type.

    Document Database

    • Flexible and semi-structured, storing documents with unique keys and supporting content-based retrieval and modification.
    • Used in content management systems, e-commerce platforms, and similar applications.
    • Suitable for handling semi-structured data.

    Wide-Column Database

    • Tables where columns can vary within rows, and treated as key-value stores.
    • Ideal for applications requiring flexibility and handling large quantities of data, like financial data, IoT data, and reporting systems.
    • AWS Keyspaces and Bigtable are common examples.

    Memory/Cache databases

    • In-memory data stores designed for ultra-fast access to copies of data, improving performance by eliminating data retrieval from slower storage mediums like hard drives.
    • They help in decreasing network cost and improving responsiveness in applications.
    • AWS ElastiCache and Google Cloud Memorystore are services focused on caching and memory-based data stores.

    Redis vs Memcached

    • Redis provides persistence and supports complex data structures (Hashes, lists, sets etc).
    • Memcached is designed purely as a caching solution.

    Database Summary

    • Various database services are available spanning from Relational Databases to NoSQL databases.
    • Key factors when choosing the right database are the consistency needs, scalability requirements, type of data, and the architecture of the application.

    Database Services in AWS and GCP

    • Both AWS and GCP offer various database and storage services categorized as, Relational, Key-Value, Document, Graph, Wide-Column, and special in-memory storage mediums like Caches.

    Assignment

    • Choose a non-relational database, create an instance, and test simple operations.
    • List 3 interesting technical points about the chosen database.
    • Design a storage and database structure for 4 projects.

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    Lesson 3 - Storage and Database in Cloud PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of cloud storage and databases, covering types like block, file, and object storage. It also examines characteristics such as durability, availability, security, cost, scalability, performance, and integration. Test your understanding of these essential cloud computing elements.

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