Cloud Computing Chapter 7: Multimedia Cloud

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Questions and Answers

Which service is primarily used for video stream encoding and publishing in the live streaming application?

Amazon EC2

Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder (correct)

HTTP Live Streaming

Amazon Elastic Transcoder

What is the main purpose of the Amazon Elastic Transcoder?

To stream live video content

To develop cloud-based applications

To compress video files for storage

To convert video files for playback on various devices (correct)

Which framework is used for creating the live streaming application?

Django (correct)

Flask

Laravel

Ruby on Rails

What type of cloud infrastructure is the video transcoding application based on?

Multimedia cloud Signup and view all the answers

Which component is used for live streaming in conjunction with Adobe Flash?

Flash Media Server Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) model for application development?

It eliminates the need for developers to manage infrastructure. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a part of the Multimedia Cloud reference architecture?

Client-side processing Signup and view all the answers

What is a major constraint of PaaS based applications?

They face portability challenges. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Multimedia Cloud, what does the applications layer NOT include?

Data storage management Signup and view all the answers

What is the default fragment size for audio data in streaming?

64 bytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of sandbox environments in PaaS?

They prevent applications from interfering with one another. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature allows HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) to adapt playback quality?

Dynamic bitrate adjustment Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the Multimedia Cloud reference architecture supports frameworks for multimedia tasks?

Platform services layer Signup and view all the answers

What does the playlist file in HLS contain?

An ordered list of media URIs and informational tags Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the function of the infrastructure services layer?

It includes computing and storage resources for multimedia applications. Signup and view all the answers

What role does platform-specific software development kits (SDKs) play in PaaS?

They facilitate the application development on specific platforms. Signup and view all the answers

How does HTTP Dynamic Streaming (HDS) determine the best bitrate for serving content?

By detecting client’s bandwidth and computer resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following video codecs are supported by HTTP Dynamic Streaming (HDS)?

H.264 and VP6 Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of using HDS in terms of infrastructure?

Utilizes existing caching infrastructures and CDNs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the live video streaming application mentioned?

To provide on-demand cloud video streaming Signup and view all the answers

What type of delivery does HDS provide for video content?

On-demand and live adaptive bitrate delivery Signup and view all the answers

What type of service does IaaS provide in a multimedia cloud?

Infrastructure services Signup and view all the answers

Which streaming protocol is known for its ability to provide low-latency media streaming?

Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of streaming instances in a multimedia cloud?

To record the event streams Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol allows for peer-to-peer live video delivery between clients?

RTMFP (P2P) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of RTMP over TCP?

Provides reliable message transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following streaming protocols is primarily used for iOS devices?

HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) Signup and view all the answers

What feature does Protected HTTP Dynamic Streaming (PHDS) provide?

Real-time encryption of HDS Signup and view all the answers

How does RTMP maintain low-latency communication?

Through persistent TCP connections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 7: Multimedia Cloud

The chapter focuses on multimedia cloud computing
It covers a hands-on approach to the topic
The authors are Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay Madisetti

Outline

Multimedia Cloud reference architecture is discussed
A case study of live video streaming cloud applications is included
A case study of video transcoding cloud applications is also covered

Design Methodology for PaaS Service Model

For Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) cloud services, architecture and deployment design are not needed.
The platform handles the architecture and deployment.
The developer focuses on platform-specific features in component design.
Platform-specific software (SDKs) are available from various PaaS offerings (e.g., Google App Engine, Windows Azure Web Sites).
Sandbox environments isolate applications from affecting each other's performance.
Platform handles deployment and scaling.
Portability is a key constraint in PaaS, moving applications is difficult.

Multimedia Cloud Reference Architecture

The first layer is Infrastructure Services (includes computing and storage resources).
The next layer is Platform Services (includes streaming frameworks, transcoding, and analytics, enabling fast multimedia application development)
The topmost layer is Applications (e.g., live video streaming, transcoding, video on demand, etc.).
Multimedia applications are installed on the consuming devices instead of locally.
The multimedia cloud can utilize different service models like IaaS, PaaS and SaaS, offering infrastructure, platform or application services.

Multimedia Cloud - Live Video Streaming

Live streaming involves video and audio feeds from multiple sources.
These mixed/multiplexed feeds are then encoded and sent to the multimedia cloud.
Streaming instances are created on demand and broadcasted over the internet.
Archived video instances are saved in cloud storage.

Streaming Protocols

RTMP Dynamic Streaming (Unicast): High-quality, low-latency, live and on-demand, and full adaptive bitrate streaming.
RTMPE (encrypted RTMP): Real-time encryption of RTMP.
RTMFP (multicast): IP multicast, supports ASM or SSM multicast (multicast-enabled network).
RTMFP (P2P): Peer-to-peer video delivery between Flash clients.
HTTP Dynamic Streaming (HDS): Supports on-demand and live adaptive bitrate video streaming of MP4 videos over regular HTTP connections; supports IP and P2P and higher QoS for enterprise networks.
Protected HTTP Dynamic Streaming (PHDS): Real-time encryption of HDS.
HTTP Live Streaming (HLS): HTTP streaming to iOS devices or devices that support the HLS format with optional AES128 encryption.

RTMP Streaming

Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) streams audio, video, and data over the internet.
Standard RTMP runs on TCP and SECURE RTMPS runs on TLS/SSL.
RTMP is bidirectional, multiplexed, and uses persistent TCP connections.
It carries parallel streams of video, audio, and data messages.
Fragment size varies for optimal delivery.
Implementation priorities are given to different message classes, potentially affecting transport.

HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)

Dynamically adjusts playback quality to match network speed (wired/wireless).
Supports multiple bitrates, intelligent stream switching.
Uses HTTPS for media encryption and authentication.
Splits streams into small chunks in playlist files.
URIs in the playlist file specify media segments.

HTTP Dynamic Streaming (HDS)

Enables on-demand and live adaptive bitrate video delivery.
Integrates HTTP (progressive download) and RTMP (streaming download).
Adaptive bitrate allows encoding at optimal bitrate for devices' bandwidth and resources.
Supports high definition video up to 1080p, various codecs (H.264, VP6) and audio codecs (AAC, MP3).
Leverages existing caching infrastructures and CDNs.

Live Video Streaming App - Case Study

Allows on-demand creation of video streaming instances in the cloud.
Uses Django framework and Amazon EC2 cloud instances.
Adobe Flash Media Encoder and Flash Media Server are used for encoding and publishing.

Video Transcoding App - Case Study

Based on a multimedia cloud.
Allows users to upload and select transcoding presets to convert video formats for different devices (smartphones, tablets, PCs).
Platform is based on Amazon Elastic Transcoder.

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Description

This quiz covers Chapter 7 on Multimedia Cloud computing from the book by Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay Madisetti. It explores key concepts such as multimedia cloud reference architecture, live video streaming, and video transcoding applications. Test your knowledge on the hands-on approach to PaaS services and their design methodologies.