30 Questions
What are the main uses of organophosphorus compounds mentioned in the text?
Pesticides, nerve agents, and therapeutic agents
What is a common cause of poisoning related to exposure to organophosphorus compounds?
Attempted suicide in developing countries
Which category of organophosphates is mainly used as agricultural insecticides?
Highly toxic organophosphates
What is the medical use mentioned for ecothiopate among organophosphorus compounds?
Treatment of glaucoma
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organophosphorus compounds?
Commonly used as food additives
What is the major source of exposure to organophosphorus compounds leading to poisoning incidents in developing countries?
Suicidal attempts
What is the first step in managing scorpion venom toxicity?
Control local pain with local anesthesia
What symptom is NOT associated with cerebral edema caused by scorpion venom toxicity?
Diaphoresis
Why is it advised not to cut the wound and suck out the poison in cases of scorpion stings?
To avoid transferring the venom into the bloodstream
What is the suggested contribution of myristicin found in nutmeg to its toxicity?
Contributing to the overall toxicity
Which treatment is recommended for controlling agitation in scorpion venom toxicity?
Use of diazepam
Why is it mentioned that scorpions usually cannot deliver enough venom to kill a healthy adult?
Due to the small amounts of venom they inject
What is the first step in managing organophosphate (OPs) poisoning?
Decontamination and Supportive therapy
Which life-threatening symptoms does atropine help reverse in OPs toxicity?
Bronchospasm and severe bradycardia
What is a potential risk of over-atropinization in treating OPs toxicity?
Hyperthermia
Which type of venom is dominant in cobra venom?
Neurotoxic venom
What is the main danger associated with neurotoxic snake venom when it affects respiratory muscles?
Respiratory failure
Which of the following is NOT a component found in snake venom according to the text?
Hydrochloric Acid
What is the main difference between monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms?
Monovalent antivenoms are effective against several species, while polyvalent antivenoms are effective against a given species.
What is the main mechanism of scorpion venom toxicity?
Blockade of calcium-activated K+ channels
What effect does the long-chain polypeptide neurotoxin have on sodium channels?
It stabilizes sodium channels in the open position
Which of the following is a common symptom of scorpion venom toxicity on the cardiovascular system?
Pulmonary edema
What type of manifestations result from the repetitive firing of somatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic neurons due to scorpion venom toxicity?
Autonomic and neuromuscular over-excitation symptoms
Why are complications often more severe in children with scorpion venom toxicity?
Due to increased LDH & CPK levels in children compared to adults
What symptoms are associated with nutmeg abuse?
Tachycardia, salivation, and CNS excitation
Which category of mushroom toxins causes generalized destruction of cells?
Protoplasmic poisons
What is the upper safety limit of solanine in fresh weight potatoes?
20 mg per 100 g
Which enzyme is responsible for forming cyanide from cyanogenic glycosides?
Hydrolytic enzymes
What symptoms might be caused by mushroom neurotoxins?
Hallucinations and spastic colon
Why are toxic potatoes with solanine not rendered harmless by cooking?
Solanine is heat stable
Test your knowledge on clinical toxicology of organophosphorus pesticides, snake and scorpion venoms, plant toxins like colored mushrooms, and fungal toxins like aflatoxin. Explore principles in pharmacology and toxicology with Dr. Muhammad Al-Shorbagy.
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