Questions and Answers
What should be done when a patient refuses a blood collection?
What is the primary function of external quality control in a laboratory?
Which anticoagulant is used for cardiopulmonary bypass?
Which criteria are essential when evaluating the performance of laboratory instruments?
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Turbidity in serum is typically associated with which of the following?
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What type of control is used daily in a laboratory for quality control?
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Basal state collection should be performed when?
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What is termed an outlier in laboratory data?
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Which is the appropriate sample for blood ammonia determination?
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Emergency (STAT) laboratory analyses should be reported to the physician within what timeframe?
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What does the purpose of a delta check in laboratory practice entail?
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In the context of measurement accuracy, what is described as the nearness of the assayed value to the target value?
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Who is authorized to conduct Point-of-care-testing for glucose?
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What is the mean of the following data set: 5, 7, 8, 10, 15?
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What is a control sample best described as?
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Which term refers to any systematic error or deviation leading to consistent inaccuracies in measurement?
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Study Notes
Blood Collection and Refusal
- Refusing blood collection can be addressed by informing the nurse in charge.
- Patients should be asked to make a refusal statement for documentation.
Anticoagulants
- Heparin is predominantly used in cardiopulmonary bypass procedures.
Serum Turbidity
- Turbidity in serum commonly indicates the presence of chylomicrons.
Basal State Collection
- Basal state collections are typically performed in the early morning.
Blood Ammonia Determination
- Freshly drawn blood is the appropriate sample for measuring blood ammonia levels.
Emergency Laboratory Analysis
- Emergency (STAT) laboratory results should be reported to the ordering physician within 10 to 20 minutes.
Turnaround Time
- Turnaround time refers to the entire process: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases.
Point-of-Care Testing
- Doctors, nurses, and non-lab personnel may perform point-of-care testing for glucose.
Hyperalbuminemia
- Prolonged tourniquet application can cause artifactual hyperalbuminemia.
Urine Adulterants
- Common adulterant added to urine to produce a false negative drug result includes bleach.
Arterialized Capillary Blood Collection
- Arterialized capillary blood is collected through radial puncture.
Reagent Blanking Purpose
- The purpose of reagent blanking is to prevent interference caused by hemoglobin.
Mean Calculation
- The mean of the dataset 5, 7, 8, 10, 15 is 10.
Central Tendency Measures
- The median represents the midpoint of a data set.
- The mode is defined as the most frequently observed value in a dataset.
Statistical Tests
- A T-test is used to determine the difference of means between two groups.
- An F-test is used to assess the difference in standard deviations of two groups.
Quality Control in Clinical Laboratories
- Levey-Jennings chart is the most widely used chart for quality control.
- Internal quality control is essential for daily monitoring of accuracy and precision.
Instrument Performance Evaluation
- Key performance criteria for laboratory instruments include sensitivity and specificity.
Standard Curve and Control Samples
- Standards are used to create standard curves and calibrate instruments.
- Control samples contain known quantities for multiple analytes.
Outliers and Delta Checks
- Outliers are control values that significantly differ from the main data set.
- Delta checks evaluate differences between recent and previous patient results.
Gaussian Distribution Characteristics
- In a normal Gaussian distribution, the mean, median, and mode are equal.
Types of Quality Control
- Internal quality control is conducted daily, while external quality control is performed monthly.
Measurement Accuracy
- Accuracy indicates how closely a measurement aligns with the true target value.
Systematic Errors and Deviations
- Bias refers to consistent systematic errors or deviations leading to inaccuracies.
Laboratory Concepts
- Analytes are the substances being measured in tests.
- Blanks are controls tested for background interference.
- Desiccants are substances that absorb moisture.
- Dilution refers to adding a solvent to lower concentration.
- Electrolytes dissolve in water, conducting electricity.
Enzymatic Activity Measurement
- Enzymatic activity quantifies enzyme catalytic activity in a sample.
Blood Specimen Interferences
- Common interferences in blood specimens include hemolysis, icteric, and lipemic samples.
Indicators in Reactions
- Indicators are chemical substances that change color at the reaction endpoint.
Lipoproteins
- HDL is associated with a lower risk of arteriosclerosis, while LDL is referred to as "bad" cholesterol.
Particle Movement
- Diffusion describes the movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge of clinical procedures related to blood collection, including how to handle patient refusals and the anticoagulants used for specific medical procedures. It also covers turbidity in serum and its associations, providing a comprehensive overview for medical students and professionals.
