Blood Collection Procedures and Considerations
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Which vein is primarily used for blood collection in horses and large mammals?

  • Cephalic vein
  • Jugular vein (correct)
  • Ear vein
  • Saphenous vein

    • What is the purpose of rubbing the collection site with alcohol before drawing blood?

  • It allows better visualization of the vein. (correct)
  • It reduces pain during the procedure.
  • It helps to constrict the vein.
  • It disinfects the area.

    • In which animal is the cephalic vein commonly used for blood collection?

  • Camel
  • Cat (correct)
  • Horse
  • Big dog (correct)

    • What action is taken to prepare for blood collection from the jugular vein?

    <p>Placing the thumb in the jugular furrow to occlude the vein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species can utilize the ear vein for blood collection?

    <p>Rabbit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason blood is the most commonly tested clinical sample?

    <p>It provides extensive information from its various components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests is NOT typically performed on blood samples?

    <p>Skin allergen tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is clean venipuncture important during blood collection?

    <p>To minimize artefactual changes in test results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gauge needle is recommended for taking blood from small dogs and cats?

    <p>22-gauge needle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of blood collection is an 18-gauge needle appropriate?

    <p>Taking blood for transfusion purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a 25- or 27-gauge needle?

    <p>For minimizing trauma in small veins or small blood samples. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of blood collection requires close attention for accurate results?

    <p>Methods of sample collection, handling, and storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured when collecting blood for hemostasis testing?

    <p>The blood must flow freely with few interruptions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a 6-mL syringe during blood collection?

    <p>For larger blood samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collection tube promotes blood clotting?

    <p>Plain red-topped tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Serum Separator Tube (SST)?

    <p>To accelerate blood clotting and separate serum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does serum differ from plasma?

    <p>Serum is without clotting factors present in plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anticoagulants in blood collection?

    <p>To prevent blood from clumping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we centrifuge blood after it has clotted?

    <p>To separate serum from the clot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for blood to clot in a collection tube?

    <p>15 minutes or more (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to whole blood if stored in a tube with no anticoagulant?

    <p>It clumps due to clotting proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of EDTA in blood collection tubes?

    <p>To bind calcium and prevent clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which collection tube should be used if a veterinarian suspects a dog has clotting issues?

    <p>Light blue-topped tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sodium fluoride in blood collection tubes?

    <p>To stabilize blood for glucose level analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about citrate in blood collection tubes is correct?

    <p>Citrate can reverse its anticoagulant effect with added calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes lithium heparin the preferred choice for diagnostic testing?

    <p>It does not interfere with sodium measurements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tube is appropriate for conducting trace mineral studies?

    <p>Dark blue-topped tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does heparin function as an anticoagulant?

    <p>It is a naturally occurring substance used for blood anticoagulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control the proportion of citrate to blood in testing?

    <p>To prevent dilution effects impacting clotting results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the ear before attempting blood collection from the marginal vein?

    <p>Remove hair by shaving or clipping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique should be used during venipuncture of small animals to avoid vein collapse?

    <p>Perform gentle aspiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preparing a blood smear?

    <p>To examine white blood cells and platelet counts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for collecting blood from the toe or toenail in smaller animals?

    <p>Cutting into the nail base after clipping hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage condition for a prepared blood smear?

    <p>Room temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause artifacts in red blood cells (RBCs) on a blood smear?

    <p>Drying too quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the coccygeal vein located for blood collection in certain animals?

    <p>On the ventral side of the tail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon should a blood smear be stained after preparation?

    <p>Within 48 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a Vacutainer for blood collection?

    <p>To directly fill a tube with blood from a vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of wetting the hair with alcohol before blood collection?

    <p>To sterilize the area and improve vein visibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the blood flow stops while using a syringe?

    <p>Check if the vein is empty or the needle has slipped out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can help prevent a hematoma after withdrawing the needle?

    <p>Put pressure on the puncture site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended needle orientation when inserting for blood collection?

    <p>Needle bevel facing up (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should positive pressure be avoided when filling blood tubes?

    <p>It can cause hemolysis of the blood sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the tube is overfilled after blood collection?

    <p>Stick a needle in to remove excess air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cleaning agent is recommended for removing blood stains from a patient's coat?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Collection

    • Blood is the most common clinical sample due to its accessibility and wealth of information obtainable from its components.

    Tests Performed on Blood Samples

    • Blood chemistry profiles (kidney function, sodium, potassium, creatinine, liver function, hormone concentrations)
    • Blood glucose concentrations
    • Blood clotting tests
    • Inflammation tests
    • Blood lipids and cholesterol
    • Immunology/serology tests for antibodies against viruses and bacteria
    • Blood grouping

    Blood Collection: General Considerations

    • Accurate clinical results depend on careful sample collection, handling, and storage.
    • Careful venipuncture is essential to minimize artefactual changes.
    • Smooth blood flow without interruption is crucial, especially for hemostasis testing.

    Equipment for Blood Collection

    • Vacutainer system
    • Needle and syringe
    • Different needle gauges (18, 20, 22, 25 gauge) for various purposes and animals, size matters.
    • Specific syringe sizes (3 mL, 6 mL) based on the volume of blood needed
    • Collection tubes with various coloured stoppers, each designed for specific purposes, such as clotting or preventing clotting.

    Blood Collection - Collection Tubes

    • Whole blood: Unprocessed blood collected from a vein
    • Clotting: Unprocessed blood will clump due to proteins (mainly red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) in collection tubes
    • Serum: The liquid part of the blood after clotting. Used in tests for glucose, calcium, liver enzymes, and kidney toxins
    • Serum Separator Tubes (SSTs): Contain a gel that quickly separates the blood serum from blood cells, making it easier to extract the serum for testing.
    • EDTA tubes: Contain EDTA which prevents clotting by binding calcium in the blood, used for counting blood cells and screening for infections, anemia, or lack of platelets.
    • Gray-topped tubes: Contain sodium fluoride for blood sugar tests, and this stabilizes glucose more effectively than EDTA tubes
    • Light blue tubes: Contain citrate, an anticoagulant used for coagulation tests when blood is not clotting properly.
    • Dark blue tubes: Contain sodium EDTA (similar to lavender tops). Useful for trace mineral studies in large animals.

    Anticoagulants

    • Anticoagulants are drugs that stop blood from clotting.
    • Some anticoagulants are naturally found in leeches and blood-sucking insects.
    • EDTA, citrate, and heparin are examples of anticoagulants used in blood collection.

    Blood Smears

    • A blood smear is a thin layer of blood on a microscope slide.

    • It allows for microscopic examination of blood cells.

    • The smear provides information about the number and types of white blood cells, abnormal cells, and rough estimates of white blood cells and platelets.

    • The smear must be dried promptly, stained in 48 hours and kept at room temperature.

    Blood Collection Tips

    • Wetting the animal's hair with alcohol (visualizing the vein)
    • Correctly inserting the needle into the vein
    • Slowly drawing blood matching the speed of the flow of blood
    • Applying pressure to the venipuncture site after collection
    • Ensuring the stopper in the tube doesn't pop out during transport by removing any excess air.
    • Removing blood stains on animals with hydrogen peroxide, then wash with water.

    Blood Collection Sites

    • Jugular vein: Commonly used in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and large wild mammals
    • Cephalic vein: Commonly used in dogs and cats
    • Saphenous vein: Commonly used in larger dogs.
    • Lateral saphenous vein: lower rear legs of dogs (useful for anxious animals)
    • Ear vein: Used in small animals (dogs, pigs, cats, and small lab animals)
    • Toe or nail: Used in small dogs, puppies, guinea pigs, etc
    • Tail: Used in pigs, cattle, sheep, rats, and mice (venipuncture of the coccygeal vein)

    Where to Collect Blood From

    • The three standard veins for blood collection in dogs and cats are the jugular, cephalic, and saphenous veins.
    • Other specific locations exist appropriate for specific animal types and may vary with the health-related issue.

    Blood Smear Evaluation

    • The smear is divided into three regions. The counting area is located between the body and feathered edge of the sample

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    Blood Collection PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to blood collection, emphasizing the importance of accurate sample collection and handling. It includes various tests performed on blood samples, the equipment used, and considerations for ensuring reliable clinical results. Gain a deeper understanding of laboratory practices in blood sample collection.

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