Questions and Answers
Which drug is indicated as the drug of choice (DOC) for whipworm infections?
What is a common side effect of Mebendazole?
Which condition is Ivermectin primarily indicated for?
What can occur as a reaction when Ivermectin is used for onchocerciasis?
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Which of the following is listed as a common side effect of Ivermectin?
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Which condition should not be treated with Praziquantel if the patient has cirrhosis?
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What is a potential symptom of filarial fever?
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Which drug class does Mebendazole belong to?
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What is the primary indication for the use of Thiabendazole?
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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Thiabendazole?
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What condition is Albendazole primarily used to treat?
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Which of the following is an indication for Diethylcarbamazine?
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What is a common side effect associated with Albendazole?
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Which of the following infections is treated with Thiabendazole as a backup option?
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Which of the following represents a serious potential side effect of Albendazole?
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For which of the following conditions is Albendazole considered a drug of choice?
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Which drug is contraindicated in pregnancy and for children under 5 years old?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for Praziquantel?
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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Pyrantel Pamoate?
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Which condition is Pyrantel Pamoate indicated for?
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What is a common side effect of Praziquantel?
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Which of the following statements about Niclosamide is correct?
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Which drug is considered the drug of choice for trematodes?
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What is a recommended precaution when taking Niclosamide?
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Study Notes
Antihelminthic Drugs Overview
- Antihelminthic drugs are utilized to treat infections caused by parasitic worms, primarily nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes.
Thiabendazole
- Class: Microtubule inhibitors
- Indication: First-line treatment for Trichinosis; backup for Strongyloidiasis
- Side Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, leukopenia, hematuria, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity.
Albendazole
- Class: Microtubule inhibitors
- Indications: Treats Ascariasis, Hookworm, Pinworm, Hydatid disease (drug of choice), Whipworm infections, Cutaneous & Visceral Larva migrans, Cysticercosis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Capillaria philippinensis.
- Side Effects: Reversible leukopenia, alopecia, elevated liver function tests, bone marrow suppression.
- Notes: Effective penetration in Neurocysticercosis but contraindicated in Cirrhosis patients.
Diethylcarbamazine
- Indication: Drug of choice for Filariasis and Eye worm disease; backup for Onchocerciasis.
- Side Effects: Headache, malaise, weakness, anorexia, filarial fever symptoms (fever, rashes, ocular damage, joint pain, lymphangitis).
- Notes: Can induce Mazzotti reaction during Onchocerciasis treatment.
Mebendazole
- Class: Microtubule inhibitors
- Indications: Drug of choice for Whipworm infections; also effective for Trichinosis, Visceral larval migrans, Ascariasis, and Pinworm.
- Side Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, agranulocytosis, alopecia, elevated liver enzymes.
- Notes: Contraindicated in pregnancy and for children under 5 years. Avoid concurrent use with GABA-enhancing drugs like barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
Ivermectin
- Indication: Drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis; also for Onchocerciasis, Cutaneous larva migrans, and as a backup for Filariasis.
- Side Effects: Mazzotti reaction (symptoms include fever, headache, dizziness, rash, tachycardia, hypotension, joint/muscle pain), corneal opacities.
Niclosamide
- Mechanism of Action: Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation or activates ATPases.
- Indication: An alternative for cestode infections including Taenia, Diphyllobothrium, Hymenolepsis, Dipylidium, Fasciolopsis, and Heterophyes.
- Side Effects: Limited, kills scolices and cestode segments without affecting ova.
- Notes: Alcohol consumption should be avoided for 48 hours after administration.
Pyrantel Pamoate
- Indication: DOC for Ascaris, Hookworm, and Finworm infections.
- Side Effects: Gastrointestinal distress, headache, weakness, rash, fever.
- Notes: Contraindicated in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Praziquantel
- Mechanism of Action: Increases membrane permeability to calcium, causing paralysis, muscle vacuolization, and eventual death of trematodes.
- Indications: Drug of choice for trematode infections (Schistosoma, Paragonimus, Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciolopsis, Heterophyes).
- Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, nausea, malaise, gastrointestinal upset, arthralgia.
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