Questions and Answers
What is hypotrichosis?
Animals with hypotrichosis are less susceptible to bacterial infections.
False
What disorder results from the failure of the stratified squamous epithelium to develop completely?
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
________ is a connective tissue disorder characterized by hyper-extensibility and laxity.
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Which type of photosensitization has an exogenous origin?
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Sunburn primarily affects the dorsal skin of an animal.
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What are the gross lesions seen in areas with poorly pigmented hair and skin due to photosensitization?
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Lick dermatitis is categorized as a form of __________ dermatitis.
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Which of the following is NOT a form of injury discussed?
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Match the following types of injuries with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a viral skin disease that affects sheep and goats?
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Canine Distemper is an example of a local viral skin infection.
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What type of virus is responsible for causing contagious pustular dermatitis?
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Viral skin diseases can enter the body through __________ to the epidermal surface.
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Which of the following factors could potentially lead to viral skin diseases?
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Superficial Pyoderma is classified as a viral skin disease.
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Name one example of a virus that can cause systemic viral infection with skin involvement.
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Vesicular and pustular dermatitis are commonly diagnosed through skin _______.
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Match the following diseases with their associated virus:
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Which of the following is NOT a mode of entry for viral infectious agents?
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Study Notes
Hair Loss Disorders
- Alopecia refers to the absence of hair, while hypotrichosis indicates a lesser than normal amount of hair.
- Animals with hypotrichosis are at higher risk for sunburn, temperature fluctuations, as well as bacterial and fungal infections.
Connective Tissue Disorders
- Collagen dysplasia is a connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperextensibility and laxity of the affected tissues.
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
- This condition, also known as Aplasia Cutis, arises from the incomplete development of the stratified squamous epithelium in skin, adnexa, and/or oral mucosa.
Environmental-Induced Skin Diseases
- Environmental factors can lead to skin diseases such as sunburn, chemical injury, and physical injuries.
Sunburn and Solar Dermatosis
- Sunburn results in direct endothelial damage to keratinocytes, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators.
- Solar dermatitis presents initially with redness (erythema) and can progress to pain, edema, blistering, and chronically lead to thickened, inflamed skin.
- Affected areas are commonly found on the ventral abdomen and thorax.
Photosensitization Types
- Occurs when photodynamic substances in the skin are activated by UV-A or visible light.
- Type I involves exogenous photodynamic agents from plants or drugs.
- Type II arises from aberrant endogenous substances.
- Type III, the hepatogenous type, is due to an inability to process chlorophyll metabolites.
- Type IV has an unknown origin and pathogenesis.
- Lesions are typically on areas with light pigmentation.
Chemical Injury to Skin
- Local applications can penetrate hair and stratum corneum, exacerbated by moisture.
- Systemic absorption leads to skin damage via ingested toxins affecting multiple organs.
Physical Injuries
- Can involve abrasion, laceration, ulceration, and foreign bodies.
- Varying extremities in temperature or radiation can also cause damage.
Psychogenic Dermatitis
- Lick dermatitis, also known as lick granuloma or neurodermatitis, occurs from persistent licking or chewing due to psychological stressors such as boredom or anxiety.
Infectious Skin Diseases
- Skin infections can stem from viral, bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, or protozoal origins.
Viral Skin Diseases
- Viral infections can enter through trauma, hair follicles, or glands, and can be local or systemic.
- Poxviruses affect many animals and can cause significant mortality, particularly in young.
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis
- Caused by parapoxvirus in sheep and goats, leading to lesions that appear as vesicles and pustules on the lips and around the mouth.
Systemic Viral Infections
- Infections like Canine Distemper or Foot and Mouth Disease can involve the skin during a viremia phase, presenting with vesicular or pustular dermatitis.
- Diagnosis often includes clinical observation, skin biopsy, serology, or PCR methods.
Notable Viral Infections
- Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Canine Distemper are common examples of systemic infections with skin manifestations.
- Scrapie, a brain disease in sheep, is related to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like BSE.
Papillomavirus Infections
- Affects various species such as dogs, cattle, and horses, leading to the formation of papillomas, which can appear as irregular, alopecic lesions.
Superficial Pyoderma
- Characterized by erythematous dermatitis and the formation of epidermal collarettes, indicating superficial bacterial infection of the skin.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in veterinary dermatology, focusing on conditions like alopecia, hypotrichosis, and collagen dysplasia. Learn how these disorders affect animals, including their susceptibility to infections and environmental stressors. Explore the implications of epitheliogenesis imperfecta as well.
