Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the course name?
What is the course name?
What are the course credit hours?
What are the course credit hours?
Which of the following drugs is a Beta 2-adrenergic agonist?
Which of the following drugs is a Beta 2-adrenergic agonist?
Which of the following drug is used as a local anesthetic during eye, ear, nose, and throat surgery?
Which of the following drug is used as a local anesthetic during eye, ear, nose, and throat surgery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of Epinephrine?
What is the primary use of Epinephrine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the major action of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system?
What is the major action of Epinephrine on the cardiovascular system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main therapeutic use of Isoproterenol?
What is the main therapeutic use of Isoproterenol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary adverse effect of Dobutamine?
What is the primary adverse effect of Dobutamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of Albuterol?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Albuterol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary adverse effect of Salmeterol and Formoterol?
What is the primary adverse effect of Salmeterol and Formoterol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of Phenoxybenzamine?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Phenoxybenzamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of Phentolamine?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Phentolamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of Propranolol?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Propranolol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary adverse effect of Propranolol?
What is the primary adverse effect of Propranolol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of Timolol and Nadolol?
What is the primary therapeutic use of Timolol and Nadolol?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Name: Clinical Pharmacology
- Course Code: BSRITCP, BSMUTCP
- Course Credit Hours: 02
- Instructor: MYEDA SAEED
Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists
- Learning Outcomes: Classification, location, and actions of adrenergic receptors, mechanism of action of classified drugs, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and contraindications
- Adrenergic Agonists: Drugs of Sympathetic Nervous System that stimulate α and β receptors
- List of Adrenergic Agonists: Albuterol (Ventolin), Epinephrine (Epipen), Norepinephrine (Levophed), Isoproterenol (Isuprel), Dobutamine (Dobutrex), Formoterol (Foradil), Salmeterol (Serevent diskus), Cocaine
Epinephrine
- Synthesis: Synthesized in the adrenal medulla and released into the bloodstream along with norepinephrine
- Receptors: Interacts with both α and β receptors
- Actions: Major actions on the cardiovascular system, strengthens myocardial contractility, causes powerful bronchodilation by acting directly on bronchial smooth muscle
- Medical Uses: Narrowing blood vessels, opening airways; used in emergency treatment of respiratory tract conditions (e.g., asthma, anaphylactic shock), cardiac arrest
- Pharmacokinetics: Rapid onset and brief duration of action due to rapid degradation
- Adverse Effects: CNS disturbances (anxiety, fear, tension, headache, tremor), cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary edema
Norepinephrine
- Pharmacokinetics: Administered IV for rapid onset; duration of action is 1 to 2 minutes; potent vasoconstrictor
- Therapeutic Uses: Used to treat shock due to increase in blood pressure
- Adverse Effects: CNS disturbances (anxiety, fear, tension, headache, tremor), cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary edema
Isoproterenol
- Receptors: Stimulates both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors
- Increases Cardiac Output
- Therapeutic Uses: Stimulate heart in emergency situations.
- Adverse Effects: CNS disturbances (anxiety, fear, tension, headache, tremor), cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary edema
Dobutamine
- Actions: Increases cardiac rate and output
- Therapeutic Uses: Used to increase cardiac output in acute congestive heart failure
- Adverse Effects: Tachyarrhythmia
Albuterol
- Classification: Short-acting β2 agonist
- Therapeutic Use: Primarily as a bronchodilator administered by a metered-dose inhaler
- Adverse Effects: Tremors and restlessness
Salmeterol and Formoterol
- Classification: Long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists
- Bronchodilators: Provide sustained bronchodilation over 12 hours
- Therapeutic Use: Agents of choice for treating nocturnal asthma in symptomatic patients taking other asthma medications
Cocaine
- Classification: Highly addictive drug
- Therapeutic Uses: Applied topically as a local anesthetic during eye, ear, nose, and throat surgery
- Adverse Effects: Depression
Adrenergic Antagonists
- α Blockers: Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline), Phentolamine (Regitine), Prazosin (Minipress), Terazosin (Hytrin)
- β Blockers: Esmolol (Brevibloc), Nadolol (Corgard), Propranolol (Inderal LA), Timolol (Betimol)
Phenoxybenzamine
- Duration of Action: 24 hours after a single administration
- Therapeutic Uses: Used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma
- Adverse Effects: Postural hypotension, Nausea, Vomiting
Phentolamine
- Mechanism of Action: Competitive block of α1 and α2 receptors
- Duration of Action: Approximately 4 hours after a single administration
- Therapeutic Use: Short-term management of pheochromocytoma
- Adverse Effects: Postural hypotension
Propranolol
- Mechanism of Action: Blocks both β1 and β2 receptors
- Actions: Vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction
- Pharmacokinetics: Is subjected to first-pass effect; only about 25 percent of the administered dose reaches the circulation. Useful in calculating proper dosage.
- Therapeutic Effects: Useful in treating various conditions and used to calculate dosages
- Adverse Effects: Bronchoconstriction, arrhythmias, and depression
Timolol and Nadolol
- Potency: More potent than propranolol
- Duration of Action: Nadolol has a very long duration of action; used topically in treating chronic glaucoma; less commonly used for hypertension
- Therapeutic Uses: Chronic glaucoma, occasionally for hypertension
- Adverse Effects: Bronchoconstriction and arrhythmias
Pulmonary Edema
- Description: illustrated as clear alveoli in contrast to fluid buildup in the alveoli
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts of adrenergic agonists and antagonists, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It focuses on key drugs like epinephrine and their effects on the cardiovascular system and respiratory tract. Test your knowledge on these crucial pharmacological agents!
