Snell Clinical Notes on Gluteus Maximus

Questions and Answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the prominence of the buttock?

Gluteus maximus (correct)

Tensor fasciae latae

Piriformis

Gluteus medius

What role does the tensor fasciae latae have in the gluteal region?

It stabilizes the ankle joint.

It assists the gluteus maximus in maintaining the knee in the extended position. (correct)

It maintains the hip flexion.

It primarily abducts the hip.

Which structure is NOT associated with the lesser sciatic foramen?

Nerve to obturator internus

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery

Obturator externus muscle (correct)

Which muscle lies partly within the pelvis at its origin?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the obturator internus muscle?

Hip external rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason the gluteus maximus is ideal for intramuscular injections?

Its large thickness and ability to be easily separated Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an inflamed bursa associated with the gluteus maximus?

Bursitis Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are responsible for supplying the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Superior gluteal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from a poorly placed intramuscular injection into the gluteus maximus?

Sciatic nerve injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bursitis is true?

Bursitis can be extremely painful. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of poliomyelitis on the gluteus medius and minimus?

Paralysis of the muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which branches are part of the common fibular nerve?

Deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus medius and minimus during walking?

Tilting the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are primarily innervated by the sciatic nerve?

Semitendinosus, biceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

What area does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh primarily supply?

Skin of the popliteal fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves provides sensation to the skin on the sole of the foot?

Tibial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT innervated by the branches of the sciatic nerve?

Quadriceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the abductor digiti minimi?

Lateral plantar nerve Signup and view all the answers

The common fibular nerve typically provides branches that mainly affect which region?

Lower leg Signup and view all the answers

What is a major function of the tibial nerve in relation to the lower limb?

Innervates most plantar muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contribution of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region?

Provides no branches Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves supplies the upper lateral quadrant of the posterior surface of the right lower limb?

Anterior rami of L1 and the 12th thoracic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments in the gluteal region?

To stabilize the sacrum and prevent its rotation Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the skin over the coccyx?

Small branches of the lower sacral and coccygeal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the iliotibial tract support?

Tensor fasciae latae muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which area is supplied by branches from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Lower medial quadrant Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes the superficial fascia thicker in women?

Accumulation of larger quantities of fat Signup and view all the answers

Where does the iliotibial tract attach below?

Lateral condyle of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the deep fascia in the lower limb?

To compartmentalize muscles and facilitate movement Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the hip joint and laterally rotating it?

Gluteus maximus Signup and view all the answers

What is the common nerve root supply for the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

L5; S1 Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists the gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint?

Tensor fasciae latae Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has its origin on the inner surface of the obturator membrane?

Obturator internus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the piriformis muscle?

Lateral rotation of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which two muscles share the same insertion on the greater trochanter of the femur?

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the sciatic nerve emerge from the pelvis?

Through the greater sciatic foramen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip joint?

Gluteus minimus Signup and view all the answers

What forms the greater sciatic foramen?

Greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does NOT exit through the greater sciatic foramen?

Inferior gluteal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about lymph drainage in the right lower limb is accurate?

All lymph from superficial tissues drains into external iliac nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct function of the lesser sciatic foramen?

To allow nerves and blood vessels to enter the perineum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is associated with the greater sciatic foramen?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

What do the deep inguinal lymph nodes primarily drain into?

External iliac nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments contribute to the formation of the greater sciatic foramen?

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen?

Inferior gluteal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which tarsal bone does NOT articulate with the tibia and fibula?

Navicular Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily supported by the sustentaculum tali?

Talus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the talus?

It articulates with the cuboid bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which tarsal bones ossify before birth?

All tarsal bones Signup and view all the answers

Where does the tendo calcaneus attach?

To the calcaneum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the first metatarsal bone?

Supporting the weight of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which feature characterizes the sulcus tali of the talus?

Forms the sinus tarsi Signup and view all the answers

How are the cuneiform bones described?

They are three small wedge-shaped bones. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the talus articulates with the tibia?

Body Signup and view all the answers

The tuberosity of the navicular bone is located in front of which anatomical landmark?

Medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What common injury is associated with the body of the talus?

Fractures from jumping from a height Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of the sulcus calcanei?

It forms part of the sinus tarsi. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition commonly affects the fifth metatarsal?

Fractures during stress inversion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phalanges is true?

Each toe except the big toe has three phalanges. Signup and view all the answers

What structural description best fits the body of the talus?

Cuboidal Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle tendon attaches to the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Extensor hallucis longus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the metatarsal bones?

Form the transverse arch Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a tunnel in the articulated foot?

Sinus tarsi Signup and view all the answers

Which bone does the head of the talus articulate with?

Navicular Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the first metatarsal bone relative to the other metatarsals?

Aligns with the big toe (hallux) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does NOT attach to the plantar aspect of the foot?

Extensor digitorum longus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the plantar interossei?

Adduction of the toes Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the sulcus tali?

It forms part of the articular surface of the talus. Signup and view all the answers

What forms the greater sciatic foramen?

The greater sciatic notch and the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures directly exits the greater sciatic foramen?

Piriformis muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drainage route for lymph from the superficial tissues of the right lower limb?

To the external iliac nodes via the femoral canal Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of fascia attaches to the deep fascia approximately a fingerbreadth below the inguinal ligament?

Membranous layer of superficial fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the saphenous opening in the deep fascia to the femoral sheath?

It is anterior to the femoral sheath. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves exit through the greater sciatic foramen?

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves and pudendal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes relative to the saphenous opening?

Superficial nodes are medial, deep nodes are lateral to the saphenous opening. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lymph drainage arrangements for the lower limb?

It facilitates the return of lymph to the external iliac nodes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gluteal Region and Muscles

Gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the body, ideal for intramuscular injections; these should be administered in the upper outer quadrant of the buttock to avoid the sciatic nerve.
Bursitis involves inflammation of the bursa, which can become painful and is common in the gluteal region.
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1) innervates gluteus medius and minimus; paralysis from poliomyelitis affects pelvic tilting during walking.

Sciatic Nerve

Composed of L4, 5, S1, 2, 3 roots; it is the largest nerve in the body, emerging from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen.
Has two main branches: the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve, innervating muscles and skin across the lower limb.
Related structures include the biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and various deep flexor muscles of the leg.

Gluteal Muscles and Nerve Supply

Gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the hip, with actions supported by the iliotibial tract at the knee.
Gluteus medius and minimus abduct the thigh and assist in pelvic stability during locomotion.
Other significant muscles include piriformis (lateral rotator) and tensor fasciae latae (helps extend the knee).

Talus and Foot Anatomy

The talus articulates with the navicular in the front and the calcaneum below; it has a body, neck, and head structure critical for ankle movement.
Fractures commonly occur in the talus neck due to dorsiflexion or from jumping, leading to displacement restraints provided by the malleoli.
Other tarsal bones include the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms, contributing to foot structure and movement.

Metatarsal and Phalanx Structure

Metatarsals possess proximal bases, a central shaft, and distal heads, crucial for weight support, especially the first metatarsal.
Each toe has three phalanges, except the big toe, which has two, forming the digits of the foot.

Ligaments and Foramina

The greater sciatic foramen enables the exit of multiple vital structures from the pelvis, including nerves and blood vessels.
The lesser sciatic foramen allows access into the perineum, supporting the functionality of specific muscles and ligaments for locomotion.

Clinical Applications

Talus fractures often occur from high impacts, while calcaneum fractures result from body weight compressing the bone during falls.
Metatarsal stress fractures are prevalent in runners, typically occurring in the second to fourth metatarsal due to repetitive strain.

Lymphatic Drainage

Lymph drainage of the lower limb travels through superficial and deep inguinal nodes, ultimately emptying into external iliac nodes, vital for immune function.

Fascia and Nerve Supply

Superficial and deep fascia play crucial roles in providing structure and distributing forces across the lower limb during movement, while cutaneous nerves supply sensation to the skin over the gluteal and lower limb areas.

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Description

Explore the essential aspects of the gluteus maximus muscle, including its role in intramuscular injections and the implications of bursitis. This quiz will test your knowledge on safe injection techniques and the complications associated with this muscle. Understand the anatomy and clinical considerations related to the gluteus maximus.