Questions and Answers
What is the rare outcome of apical pulmonary TB that can result in scarring?
Which complication is NOT associated with the extension of progressive pulmonary TB?
What can result from the swallowed infected sputum in cases of apical pulmonary TB?
Which of the following is characteristic of miliary TB?
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What is a potential consequence of the erosion of pulmonary arteries in the context of TB?
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Study Notes
Outcome/Fate/Clinical Course/Sequelae of Apical Pulmonary TB
- Clinical outcomes from apical pulmonary tuberculosis can vary significantly among patients.
- Rarely, apical TB may lead to fibrocalcific scarring, indicating arrested disease progression.
Progressive Pulmonary TB
- Extension of pulmonary TB may occur, involving other lung areas.
- Pleural involvement can result in adhesive pleural fibrosis, which may present as:
- Pleurisy with effusion, characterized by fluid accumulation between pleurae.
- TB empyema, indicating a collection of pus in the pleural cavity.
- Erosion into bronchial airways leads to cavitation, resulting in open cases of TB. This can cause:
- Seeding of the mucosal lining in airways, possibly leading to endotracheobronchial or laryngeal TB.
Gastrointestinal Involvement
- Infected sputum may be coughed up and swallowed, causing small and large bowel infections.
- This can lead to circumferential lympho-haematogenous spread, resulting in transverse ulcers known as girdle ulcers in the intestines.
Miliary TB
- Lymphohaematogenous dissemination from apical TB may cause miliary TB, characterized by:
- Presence of small yellow-white lesions resembling millet seeds in the lungs.
- Erosion of the pulmonary artery can result in miliary TB affecting both lungs.
- Erosion of the pulmonary vein can lead to systemic spread of miliary TB throughout the body.
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Description
Explore the various outcomes and complications associated with apical pulmonary tuberculosis. This quiz covers the pathophysiology, potential extension to other lung regions, and related clinical sequelae. Test your knowledge on the diverse presentations of this condition and its impact on patient health.
