Clinical Chemistry Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which methodology is most widely used to detect catecholamines and their metabolites in plasma and urine?

  • Radioimmunoassay
  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (correct)
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • Western blotting
  • What is the enzyme specifically found exclusively in both diseased and benign prostate glands?

  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • Prostate specific antigen (PSA) (correct)
  • Lactate dehydrogenase
  • Aspartate aminotransferase
  • Which tumor marker is re-expressed in certain types of tumors and is elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors?

  • Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)
  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (correct)
  • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
  • Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)
  • What is the main limitation associated with the detection of elevated circulating enzymes to identify a specific tumor or site of tumor?

    <p>Low specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In immunohistochemistry, specific antibodies in solution are incubated with tissue sections to detect the presence or absence of __________ using secondary antibodies.

    <p>Antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker is NOT completely specific for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

    <p>Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor markers are best used for monitoring the treatment of tumors that secrete specific carbohydrates or cancer antigens?

    <p>Frequently ordered tumor markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor markers are widely used as specific markers of secreting tumors such as neuroblastomas, pituitary, and adrenal adenomas?

    <p>Hormone and hormone metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is valuable in diagnosing patients with breast, ovarian, or colon cancer by identifying germline mutations in individuals with a family history of these diseases?

    <p>Immunohistochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker type generally increases with tumor progression and reaches its highest levels when tumors metastasize?

    <p>Serum proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation in using tumor markers for screening asymptomatic populations according to the text?

    <p>Most clinically used tumor markers are found in normal cells and benign conditions in addition to cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of diagnostic method is the Hook Effect sometimes encountered as an issue based on the provided text?

    <p>Enzyme assays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of marker is beta2-microglobulin considered to be?

    <p>A nonspecific marker of high cell turnover in tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of immunoglobulins in the context of tumor markers?

    <p>They provide a measure of monoclonal protein production in hematologic malignancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes tumor markers according to the text?

    <p>Tumor markers can be nonspecific and must be used alongside other tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes oncofetal antigens based on the information provided?

    <p>Oncofetal antigens are transiently expressed during normal development and in tumor formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is frequently utilized for the detection of tumor markers like cancer antigen 125?

    <p>Enzyme assays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of frequently ordered tumor markers?

    <p>They are usually nonspecific and require other tests for confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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