Clinical Chemistry Study Notes

Which structural level of a protein is directly responsible for the shape or conformation of the protein molecule?

What type of bond primarily contributes to the formation of secondary structure in a protein?

What condition is typically characterized by the presence of an IgM monoclonal band on immunofixation protein electrophoresis?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of multiple myeloma?

What protein is typically elevated in the blood due to skeletal muscle injury?

Which structural level of a protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

What is the relationship between the primary structure of a protein and its function?

Which of the following serum protein electrophoresis patterns is most likely to be seen in a patient with multiple myeloma?

What is the final product of purine metabolism?

Which blood collection tube additive should be avoided when collecting a specimen for urea measurement?

What is the preferred sample type for urea measurement?

What does “urea N” refer to?

What is the primary function of the urea cycle?

Which of these options is not a valid way to measure urea concentration?

Which of the following is a normal ratio of urea nitrogen to creatinine?

A patient with a urea nitrogen concentration of 18.0 mg/dL and a normal creatinine level would likely have which of the following conditions?

A patient with a high urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, an elevated creatinine level, and a low protein intake would likely have which of the following conditions?

What is the likely cause of a high urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio?

Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in a patient with a urea nitrogen concentration of 3.2 mg/dL and a normal creatinine level?

What does the term 'azotemia' refer to?

Which of the following is most likely to have a low urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio?

A patient presenting with a urea nitrogen concentration of 19.3 mg/dL and an elevated creatinine level is likely experiencing what?

What is the term used to describe an elevated blood urea concentration?

Which of the following is NOT a source of error in the measurement of uric acid?

Which of the following methods is considered the reference method for measuring uric acid?

Which of the following is a source of error in uric acid measurement that can result from competition from alternate purine substrates?

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an elevated plasma uric acid concentration?

Which of the following is a source of error in uric acid measurement that can result from nonspecific enzyme activity?

Which of the following is NOT a source of error in uric acid measurement?

Which of the following conditions is associated with elevated plasma uric acid concentration?

Which of the following conditions is NOT directly indicated by the lab results shown?

Based on the elevated creatinine and urea levels, what is the most likely cause of the patient's condition?

What is the primary function of creatinine in the body?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about uric acid nephrolithiasis?

Which of the following factors can contribute to the formation of uric acid kidney stones?

What is the most likely reason for the elevated creatinine level in this patient?

What is the significance of the term "azotemia" in the context of the lab results?

What is the likely consequence of untreated uric acid nephrolithiasis?

What is the expected serum protein electrophoresis result in a patient with multiple myeloma?

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased CSF-serum albumin ratio?

Which of the following conditions is correctly paired with its associated serum protein electrophoresis result?

What is the significance of a CSF-serum albumin ratio of 0.98?

What is the best interpretation of a serum protein electrophoresis result that shows decreased albumin, increased α1-globulins, increased α2-globulins, normal β-globulins, and normal γ-globulins?

What is the primary clinical application of serum protein electrophoresis?

What is the isoelectric point (pI) of a protein?

Which of the following describes the site of serum protein electrophoresis where the protein’s net charge is less than its pI?