Clinical Chemistry I Week 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of laboratory medicine?

To select, provide, and interpret diagnostic tests (correct)

To provide surgical interventions

To conduct patient interviews

To store patient records

Which of the following is NOT a reason for performing a laboratory test?

Performing surgery (correct)

Excluding a diagnosis

Confirming a clinical suspicion

Providing a prognosis

Why is maintaining confidentiality important in laboratory medicine?

To ensure patient privacy and trust (correct)

To comply with insurance requirements

To support laboratory efficiency

To reduce test costs

Which organization is referred to by the acronym IFCC?

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Signup and view all the answers

How does the role of molecular testing influence laboratory medicine?

It blurs the boundaries between different parts of the lab Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical laboratory field involves the analysis of blood and its components?

Hematology and Coagulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a reference lab?

To offer specialized tests that require unique equipment Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the laboratory testing process is the sample collected?

PreAnalytic Phase Signup and view all the answers

In evidence-based medicine, what was heavily relied upon in the past?

Doctor experience and weak experiments Signup and view all the answers

What is typically assessed during the Post-Analytic Phase?

Laboratory verification and reporting of results Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical laboratory field?

Pharmacology Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of the Analytic Phase in laboratory testing?

Performing tests on the collected specimens Signup and view all the answers

Which component is least likely to be included in pre-analytical processes?

Interpreting the test results Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary duty of a physician practicing evidence-based medicine?

To find and apply the best current information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of evidence-based medicine?

Personal opinions Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the evidence-based medicine process?

Asking good questions Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to distinguish evidence from propaganda in patient care?

To ensure informed decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a basis for medical practice according to evidence-based medicine?

Convincing evidence from case reports Signup and view all the answers

What role do patient preferences play in evidence-based medicine?

They are a crucial consideration Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes evidence-based medicine?

It is a change in how physicians practice medicine Signup and view all the answers

Identifying which of the following is part of the evidence-based medicine process?

Seeking randomized controlled trials Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course title: Clinical Chemistry I
Course code: 0202304
Instructor: Mohammad QABAJAH
Email: [email protected]

Week 1: Introduction - EBM

Objectives:
- Explain the reasons for performing a laboratory test.
- Describe the field of laboratory medicine.
- Describe sub-disciplines, information handling, and ethical issues.
- State the importance of confidentiality in the laboratory.
- Justify practicing evidence-based laboratory medicine.

Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Medicine

Laboratory medicine encompasses the selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic tests.
This discipline includes research, administration, teaching activities, and clinical services.

Testing in the Laboratory

Laboratory tests are directed towards:
- Confirming clinical suspicions.
- Excluding a diagnosis.
- Assisting in the selection, optimization, and monitoring of treatment.
- Providing a prognosis.
- Screening for diseases in the absence of symptoms.
- Monitoring the severity of physiological disturbances.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

The boundaries between clinical chemistry and other laboratory medicine parts are becoming less distinct due to molecular testing.
IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) is the governing body.

Laboratory Medicine

The field of clinical laboratories continues to grow.
Hundreds of millions of laboratory analyses are conducted annually.
More than 70% of objective patient data comes from the clinical lab.
Laboratory types vary within healthcare institutions.

Clinical Laboratory Fields

Chemistry/Immunoassay
Hematology/Coagulation
Blood Bank/Apheresis
Endocrinology
Immunoserology
Microbiology (including Bacteriology, Virology, Parasitology)
Urinalysis/Fluid Analysis/Medical Microscopy
Molecular Pathology
Cytogenetics
Tissue Typing/HLA
Toxicology

Reference Lab

Some labs perform tests at reference labs ("send-out labs").
Clinical reference labs provide testing for patients and healthcare providers.
Reference labs frequently handle specialized tests requiring specialized equipment.

Laboratory Testing Process Overview

The process involves pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic phases.
The Pre-analytic phase includes ordering, sample collection, and transport.
The Analytic phase includes testing the specimen.
The Post-Analytic phase includes reporting and interpretation of results.

Laboratory Department

Pre-analytic phase (35%), analytic phase (25%), Post-analytic phase (15%), sending (5%).

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)-

-Past clinical practices were based on doctor's experience, weak experiments performed by drug companies, and animal studies.

This is not sufficient for human medicine, given individuals' unique differences.
Therefore, EBM was developed to combine medical knowledge with individual patients' needs.
EBM components consist of the patient, a physician with knowledge of medical practices and expertise, and medical information resources
The 5 steps to EBM process includes Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply and Assess.
Medical knowledge and expertise should be updated.
Continuing medical education is crucial.
EBM is a critical approach in clinical care.

Basis of Medical Practices

Training, clinical experience, consultation with other medical professionals.
Convincing non-experimental evidence (articles, case reports, product literature).
Patient preferences.
Active search for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis Reports.

Purpose of Evidence Based Medicine

Distinguish evidence from misinformation/propaganda.
Understand probability vs. certainty.
Differentiate data from claims.
Separate rational beliefs from superstitions.
Distinguish science from folklore.
Differentiate theories from dogma.

Evidence Based Medicine- Characteristics

Clinical practice based on the most current evidence.
Compassionate, patient-oriented patient care.
Problem-solving approach to learning, teaching, and research.

Three Major Components of Evidence Based Medicine

Patient and their needs.
Healthcare practitioner (physician).
Current medical information (resources).

Clinical Question

The clinical question is the first and arguably most critical step in the EBM process.
A well-formulated clinical question leads to identifying the relevant literature.

Asking Good Questions:

Good clinical questions are essential in EBM. Clarify clinical issues, be specific, and be concise.

EBM Question Factors

Patient (P): Type of Patient
Exposure (E): Environmental, personal, biological
Intervention (I): Clinical intervention
Comparison (C): Compare alternative treatments
Outcome (O): Clinical outcome to observe

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of Clinical Laboratory Medicine with this Week 1 quiz. Explore the importance of laboratory tests, ethical considerations, and the principles of evidence-based practice in laboratory settings.