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Questions and Answers
In the context of myocardial infarction, if both AST and ALT are elevated, which specific enzyme level is most indicative of heart muscle damage?
In the context of myocardial infarction, if both AST and ALT are elevated, which specific enzyme level is most indicative of heart muscle damage?
- ALT
- CK-MB (correct)
- AST
- LDH
While the Jaffe reaction is commonly used in the clinical laboratory, interferences can impact the accuracy of results. Which of the following substances can cause a false elevation in creatinine levels when using the Jaffe reaction?
While the Jaffe reaction is commonly used in the clinical laboratory, interferences can impact the accuracy of results. Which of the following substances can cause a false elevation in creatinine levels when using the Jaffe reaction?
- Cholesterol
- Uric acid (correct)
- Glucose
- Ascorbic acid
In the glucose oxidase method, after glucose is oxidized, what is the role of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in the subsequent colorimetric reaction?
In the glucose oxidase method, after glucose is oxidized, what is the role of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in the subsequent colorimetric reaction?
- Reacts directly with glucose to produce color (correct)
- Reduces oxygen to form water
- Inhibits the enzyme glucose oxidase
- Oxidizes a chromogen to produce a colored compound
Among the different types of lipoproteins, how does LDL contribute to the process of atherosclerosis, leading it to be characterized as 'bad cholesterol'?
Among the different types of lipoproteins, how does LDL contribute to the process of atherosclerosis, leading it to be characterized as 'bad cholesterol'?
How does albumin contribute to maintaining fluid balance within the vascular system, preventing edema?
How does albumin contribute to maintaining fluid balance within the vascular system, preventing edema?
The biuret reaction relies on the formation of a colored complex. What substance is added in the Biuret reaction to form a violet-colored complex with peptide bonds that allows for spectrophotometric quantification?
The biuret reaction relies on the formation of a colored complex. What substance is added in the Biuret reaction to form a violet-colored complex with peptide bonds that allows for spectrophotometric quantification?
How do the kidneys regulate potassium levels to maintain proper nerve and muscle function, and what hormone primarily mediates this process?
How do the kidneys regulate potassium levels to maintain proper nerve and muscle function, and what hormone primarily mediates this process?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in several tissues. If a patient shows elevated ALP levels alongside normal liver function tests, which of the following is the most probable cause?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in several tissues. If a patient shows elevated ALP levels alongside normal liver function tests, which of the following is the most probable cause?
In blood gas analysis, what electrochemical component within a blood gas analyzer is responsible for directly measuring the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($pCO_2$)?
In blood gas analysis, what electrochemical component within a blood gas analyzer is responsible for directly measuring the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($pCO_2$)?
In cases of gout, where there is an overproduction or underexcretion of a specific compound, what is the end product of purine metabolism that accumulates, leading to the formation of crystals in joints?
In cases of gout, where there is an overproduction or underexcretion of a specific compound, what is the end product of purine metabolism that accumulates, leading to the formation of crystals in joints?
Flashcards
CK-MB
CK-MB
Enzyme most specific to heart muscle damage.
Jaffe reaction
Jaffe reaction
Reaction used to measure creatinine levels.
LDL
LDL
Lipoprotein considered 'bad cholesterol,' contributes to plaque formation.
Potassium
Potassium
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Blood gas analyzer
Blood gas analyzer
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Uric acid
Uric acid
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Schales and Schales method
Schales and Schales method
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Amylase
Amylase
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HDL cholesterol
HDL cholesterol
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Urea
Urea
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Study Notes
Clinical Chemistry
- CK-MB is the enzyme most specific for myocardial infarction
- The Jaffe reaction is used to measure creatinine
- Hydrogen peroxide is a reducing substance used in the glucose oxidase method
- LDL is considered the "bad cholesterol" in a lipid profile
- Maintaining osmotic pressure is a primary function of albumin
- The biuret reaction determines protein content
- Potassium is the electrolyte primarily regulated by the kidneys and is essential for nerve and muscle function
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is elevated in liver and bone disorders
- A blood gas analyzer is used to measure blood pH, pCO2, and pO2
- Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism
- Acetone is a ketone body
- The Schales and Schales method is used to measure chloride in serum
- Amylase is elevated in acute pancreatitis
- The primary function of HDL cholesterol is to remove cholesterol from tissues
- Urea is a non-protein nitrogen (NPN) substance
- Hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia
- An osmometer is used to determine the osmolality of serum
- The measurement of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) assesses liver function
- Creatinine serves as a renal filtration marker
- Diuretic therapy is the most common cause of hypokalemia
Hematology
- Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia
- The primary function of platelets is blood clotting
- Blasts in peripheral blood is a characteristic of acute leukemia
- The prothrombin time (PT) measures the effectiveness of the extrinsic coagulation pathway
- Abnormal hemoglobin S is a characteristic of sickle cell anemia
- The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is increased in inflammation
- Mature lymphocytes are a characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) measures the effectiveness of the intrinsic coagulation pathway
- Decreased globin chain production is a characteristic of thalassemia
- The reticulocyte count assesses bone marrow erythropoietic activity
- Consumption of clotting factors is a characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- The MCV (mean corpuscular volume) measures red blood cell size
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