Clinical Chemistry I Week 01 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of laboratory medicine?

Selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic tests (correct)

Providing direct patient care

Conducting pharmaceutical research

Production of medical equipment

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of laboratory testing?

Monitoring the severity of physiological disturbances

Screening for disease in the absence of symptoms

Providing treatment without any testing (correct)

Confirming a clinical suspicion

What ethical consideration is emphasized in laboratory medicine?

Maximizing profits from laboratory tests

Increasing the number of tests conducted irrespective of need

Maintaining confidentiality of patient information (correct)

Utilizing tests that are easy to perform

How has molecular testing impacted clinical laboratories?

It has blurred the boundaries among laboratory parts Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of objective data in a patient's medical record comes from clinical laboratories?

Over 70% Signup and view all the answers

Which field of clinical laboratory testing primarily focuses on disease detection through blood analysis?

Hematology and Coagulation Signup and view all the answers

What role does the analytical phase of laboratory testing primarily involve?

Verifying and reporting test results Signup and view all the answers

In which laboratory process phase is the majority of error expected to occur?

PreAnalytic Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in a clinical reference laboratory's testing services?

Routine blood tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the phlebotomy/nursing role in the preanalytic phase?

Collecting samples correctly Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of evidence-based medicine emphasizes the reliance on scientific data over past practices?

Incorporating randomized controlled trials Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory department focuses on identifying pathogens and their effects?

Microbiology Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the laboratory testing process is true?

The preanalytic phase accounts for 35% of all errors. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental aspect of Evidence Based Medicine in clinical practice?

Applying the best current evidence judiciously. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of the Evidence Based Medicine approach?

Utilizing folk remedies. Signup and view all the answers

Why is asking good questions considered the hardest step in Evidence Based Medicine?

It demands a skill set that needs to be developed. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the purpose of Evidence Based Medicine?

To distinguish rational belief from superstitions. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the basis for medical practice in Evidence Based Medicine?

Clinical experience and convincing evidence. Signup and view all the answers

How does Evidence Based Medicine influence patient care?

It is focused on compassionate, patient-oriented care. Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified as a misconception of the Evidence Based Medicine approach?

Only randomized trials are valuable for clinical practice. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best reflects the essence of Evidence Based Medicine?

Using science to map patient care decisions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course Title: Clinical Chemistry I
Course Code: 0202304
Instructor: Mohammad QABAJAH
Email: [email protected]

Week 01: Introduction - EBM

Topic: Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Medicine
Objectives:
- Explain the reasons for performing lab tests
- Describe the field of lab medicine
- Describe sub-disciplines, information handling, and ethical issues
- State the importance of confidentiality
- Justify evidence-based lab medicine practice

What is Laboratory Medicine?

Discipline involving selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic tests
Includes research, administration, teaching activities, and clinical services

Testing in Laboratory

Directed at:
- Confirming clinical suspicion
- Excluding a diagnosis
- Assisting in treatment selection, optimization, and monitoring
- Providing a prognosis
- Screening for disease in the absence of symptoms
- Monitoring physiological disturbance severity

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

Boundaries are becoming blurred with molecular testing
Diagnosis
IFCC (Currently called International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Lab Medicine)

Laboratory Medicine (Continued)

Today's clinical labs are complex with expansive test menus that continue to grow
Hundreds of millions of lab tests are performed yearly
70% of objective data in a patient's medical record originates from the clinical lab
Lab types vary greatly between institutions

Clinical Laboratory Fields

Chemistry/Immunoassay
Hematology and Coagulation
Blood Bank/Apheresis
Endocrinology
Immunoserology
Microbiology (including Bacteriology, Virology, Parasitology)
Urinalysis, Fluid Analysis, and Medical Microscopy
Molecular Pathology
Cytogenetics
Tissue Typing/HLA
Toxicology

Reference Lab

Some labs perform tests at reference labs ("send-out labs")
Clinical reference labs provide testing services
Typically specialized tests that are infrequently ordered or require special equipment

Laboratory Testing Process Overview

Stages: Pre-analytic, Analytic, Post-analytic
Pre-analytic: Order, Sample Collection, Transport
Analytic: Test Specimen
Post-analytic: View Result, Interpret, Act

Laboratory Department

Pre-analytical Phase: (35%) - Outside lab
Analytical Phase: (25%) - Laboratory
Post-analytical Phase: (15%) - Laboratory
Sending: (5%)

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)

Past approach to medicine: mainly doctor experience, weak experiments, drug companies, and animal studies
EBM: Science and math-only methods are not efficient for humans, due to individual differences and preferences.
Solution: Self-directed, ongoing education, acknowledging the epidemic of evidence and dealing with conflicting evidence.

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) - Description

New approach to clinical care and research
A physician's duty to use best, up-to-date information to benefit patients

Basis of Medical Practice (EBM)

Check all that apply:
- Training, clinical experience, and consultation with professionals
- Convincing evidence (from non-experimental articles like case reports)
- Patient preferences
- Actively seeking Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis Reports

Purpose of EBM

Distinguish evidence from propaganda
Differentiate probability from certainty
Separate data from assertions
Recognize rational beliefs from superstitions; and science from folklore
Differentiating theory from dogma

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) - Details

Change in medical practice, teaching, and research methods
Clinical practice based on best current evidence
Patient care: Compassionate and patient-oriented
Learning and teaching/research: Problem solving

Three Major Components of EBM

Patient
Physician
Information (Question/Problem)

The Basic Steps of EBM – 5A's

Ask
Acquire
Appraise
Apply
Assess

The Clinical Question

First step
Hardest step in EBM
Most important step

Asking Good Questions in EBM

Skill to be learned for better cases, for everybody
Important to understand practical implications

EBM, A Good Question Must Be:

Specific: Clear, focused issue definition
Answerable: Information should be present in the literature
Contain Multiple Aspects: Patient, options, and comparisons

EBM Question: Includes Multiple Factors

P: Patient (Type of patient or population)
E: Exposure (Environmental, personal, biological)
I: Intervention (Clinical intervention)
C: Comparison (Comparison of alternative treatments)
O: Outcome (Outcome of interest)

Further Learning

Further study planned for next lecture

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Description

Test your understanding of the basics of Clinical Laboratory Medicine in this Week 01 quiz. You will explore the reasons for performing lab tests, key sub-disciplines, and the ethical considerations involved in laboratory practice. Enhance your knowledge of evidence-based lab medicine and its significance.