Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of laboratory medicine?
What is the primary role of laboratory medicine?
- Selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic tests (correct)
- Providing direct patient care
- Conducting pharmaceutical research
- Production of medical equipment
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of laboratory testing?
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of laboratory testing?
- Monitoring the severity of physiological disturbances
- Screening for disease in the absence of symptoms
- Providing treatment without any testing (correct)
- Confirming a clinical suspicion
What ethical consideration is emphasized in laboratory medicine?
What ethical consideration is emphasized in laboratory medicine?
- Maximizing profits from laboratory tests
- Increasing the number of tests conducted irrespective of need
- Maintaining confidentiality of patient information (correct)
- Utilizing tests that are easy to perform
How has molecular testing impacted clinical laboratories?
How has molecular testing impacted clinical laboratories?
What percentage of objective data in a patient's medical record comes from clinical laboratories?
What percentage of objective data in a patient's medical record comes from clinical laboratories?
Which field of clinical laboratory testing primarily focuses on disease detection through blood analysis?
Which field of clinical laboratory testing primarily focuses on disease detection through blood analysis?
What role does the analytical phase of laboratory testing primarily involve?
What role does the analytical phase of laboratory testing primarily involve?
In which laboratory process phase is the majority of error expected to occur?
In which laboratory process phase is the majority of error expected to occur?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a clinical reference laboratory's testing services?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a clinical reference laboratory's testing services?
What is the primary function of the phlebotomy/nursing role in the preanalytic phase?
What is the primary function of the phlebotomy/nursing role in the preanalytic phase?
Which aspect of evidence-based medicine emphasizes the reliance on scientific data over past practices?
Which aspect of evidence-based medicine emphasizes the reliance on scientific data over past practices?
Which laboratory department focuses on identifying pathogens and their effects?
Which laboratory department focuses on identifying pathogens and their effects?
Which statement about the laboratory testing process is true?
Which statement about the laboratory testing process is true?
What is a fundamental aspect of Evidence Based Medicine in clinical practice?
What is a fundamental aspect of Evidence Based Medicine in clinical practice?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the Evidence Based Medicine approach?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the Evidence Based Medicine approach?
Why is asking good questions considered the hardest step in Evidence Based Medicine?
Why is asking good questions considered the hardest step in Evidence Based Medicine?
Which statement best describes the purpose of Evidence Based Medicine?
Which statement best describes the purpose of Evidence Based Medicine?
What constitutes the basis for medical practice in Evidence Based Medicine?
What constitutes the basis for medical practice in Evidence Based Medicine?
How does Evidence Based Medicine influence patient care?
How does Evidence Based Medicine influence patient care?
What can be identified as a misconception of the Evidence Based Medicine approach?
What can be identified as a misconception of the Evidence Based Medicine approach?
Which of the following best reflects the essence of Evidence Based Medicine?
Which of the following best reflects the essence of Evidence Based Medicine?
Flashcards
Clinical Laboratory Medicine
Clinical Laboratory Medicine
The selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic tests; including research, administration, teaching, and clinical services.
Lab Testing Purposes
Lab Testing Purposes
Confirming suspicions, excluding diagnoses, guiding treatment, predicting outcomes, screening, and monitoring physiological conditions.
Clinical Chemistry
Clinical Chemistry
A branch of clinical laboratory medicine focusing on the chemical analysis of body fluids (like blood).
Importance of Lab Tests
Importance of Lab Tests
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IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine)
IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine)
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Clinical Laboratory Fields
Clinical Laboratory Fields
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Reference Lab
Reference Lab
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Laboratory Testing Process
Laboratory Testing Process
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Pre-Analytic Phase
Pre-Analytic Phase
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Analytic Phase
Analytic Phase
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Post-Analytic Phase
Post-Analytic Phase
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Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)
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Past Medical Practices
Past Medical Practices
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Evidence Based Medicine
Evidence Based Medicine
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Physician's Duty in EBM
Physician's Duty in EBM
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Components of EBM
Components of EBM
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The Clinical Question in EBM
The Clinical Question in EBM
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5A's of EBM
5A's of EBM
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Distinguishing Evidence from Propaganda
Distinguishing Evidence from Propaganda
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Probability vs. Certainty
Probability vs. Certainty
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Science vs. Folklore
Science vs. Folklore
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Clinical Chemistry I
- Course Code: 0202304
- Instructor: Mohammad QABAJAH
- Email: [email protected]
Week 01: Introduction - EBM
- Topic: Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Medicine
- Objectives:
- Explain the reasons for performing lab tests
- Describe the field of lab medicine
- Describe sub-disciplines, information handling, and ethical issues
- State the importance of confidentiality
- Justify evidence-based lab medicine practice
What is Laboratory Medicine?
- Discipline involving selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic tests
- Includes research, administration, teaching activities, and clinical services
Testing in Laboratory
- Directed at:
- Confirming clinical suspicion
- Excluding a diagnosis
- Assisting in treatment selection, optimization, and monitoring
- Providing a prognosis
- Screening for disease in the absence of symptoms
- Monitoring physiological disturbance severity
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Boundaries are becoming blurred with molecular testing
- Diagnosis
- IFCC (Currently called International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Lab Medicine)
Laboratory Medicine (Continued)
- Today's clinical labs are complex with expansive test menus that continue to grow
- Hundreds of millions of lab tests are performed yearly
-
70% of objective data in a patient's medical record originates from the clinical lab
- Lab types vary greatly between institutions
Clinical Laboratory Fields
- Chemistry/Immunoassay
- Hematology and Coagulation
- Blood Bank/Apheresis
- Endocrinology
- Immunoserology
- Microbiology (including Bacteriology, Virology, Parasitology)
- Urinalysis, Fluid Analysis, and Medical Microscopy
- Molecular Pathology
- Cytogenetics
- Tissue Typing/HLA
- Toxicology
Reference Lab
- Some labs perform tests at reference labs ("send-out labs")
- Clinical reference labs provide testing services
- Typically specialized tests that are infrequently ordered or require special equipment
Laboratory Testing Process Overview
- Stages: Pre-analytic, Analytic, Post-analytic
- Pre-analytic: Order, Sample Collection, Transport
- Analytic: Test Specimen
- Post-analytic: View Result, Interpret, Act
Laboratory Department
- Pre-analytical Phase: (35%) - Outside lab
- Analytical Phase: (25%) - Laboratory
- Post-analytical Phase: (15%) - Laboratory
- Sending: (5%)
Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
- Past approach to medicine: mainly doctor experience, weak experiments, drug companies, and animal studies
- EBM: Science and math-only methods are not efficient for humans, due to individual differences and preferences.
- Solution: Self-directed, ongoing education, acknowledging the epidemic of evidence and dealing with conflicting evidence.
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) - Description
- New approach to clinical care and research
- A physician's duty to use best, up-to-date information to benefit patients
Basis of Medical Practice (EBM)
- Check all that apply:
- Training, clinical experience, and consultation with professionals
- Convincing evidence (from non-experimental articles like case reports)
- Patient preferences
- Actively seeking Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analysis Reports
Purpose of EBM
- Distinguish evidence from propaganda
- Differentiate probability from certainty
- Separate data from assertions
- Recognize rational beliefs from superstitions; and science from folklore
- Differentiating theory from dogma
Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) - Details
- Change in medical practice, teaching, and research methods
- Clinical practice based on best current evidence
- Patient care: Compassionate and patient-oriented
- Learning and teaching/research: Problem solving
Three Major Components of EBM
- Patient
- Physician
- Information (Question/Problem)
The Basic Steps of EBM – 5A's
- Ask
- Acquire
- Appraise
- Apply
- Assess
The Clinical Question
- First step
- Hardest step in EBM
- Most important step
Asking Good Questions in EBM
- Skill to be learned for better cases, for everybody
- Important to understand practical implications
EBM, A Good Question Must Be:
- Specific: Clear, focused issue definition
- Answerable: Information should be present in the literature
- Contain Multiple Aspects: Patient, options, and comparisons
EBM Question: Includes Multiple Factors
- P: Patient (Type of patient or population)
- E: Exposure (Environmental, personal, biological)
- I: Intervention (Clinical intervention)
- C: Comparison (Comparison of alternative treatments)
- O: Outcome (Outcome of interest)
Further Learning
- Further study planned for next lecture
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Description
Test your understanding of the basics of Clinical Laboratory Medicine in this Week 01 quiz. You will explore the reasons for performing lab tests, key sub-disciplines, and the ethical considerations involved in laboratory practice. Enhance your knowledge of evidence-based lab medicine and its significance.
