Clinical Biochemistry Lecture 8 - GI Disorders

<p>Anti-tTG IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coeliac disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe pain in the mid to upper abdomen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicobacter pylori (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic ulceration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of urease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver function tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High H+ concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect urease activity of H.pylori (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody titres reduce slowly after infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated serum lipase levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction of the major papilla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faecal antigen testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol metabolites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burning pain in the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 to 3.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constant, dull, unremitting abdominal pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic Ulcer Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal elastase test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of vitamin B12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chief cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malabsorption with steatorrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBO) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated random plasma glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High water content in feces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased gastrin production leads to excessive stomach acid, causing problems like ulcers.

Sores in the lining of the stomach or upper small intestine, often caused by too much stomach acid.

High stomach acid in the intestines hinders the enzyme that breaks down fats.

Inflammation of the pancreas, often due to gallstones or alcohol.

Enzyme that digests fats in the intestines.

Endoscopic procedure used to visualize and treat problems in the bile duct and pancreas.

Blood tests used to detect acute pancreatitis by measuring the levels of these pancreatic enzymes.

More reliable marker for acute pancreatitis than amylase because it stays elevated longer.

The epithelial lining of the stomach, primarily made of mucus-producing cells.

The glands in the stomach that produce gastric juice, consisting of various secretory cells.

Stomach cells that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.

Stomach cells that secrete pepsinogen, the inactive form of protein-digesting enzyme pepsin.

A strong acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach that activates pepsin and helps in digestion.

A glycoprotein produced by parietal cells essential for Vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.

A condition causing excessive stomach acid secretion leading to peptic ulcers.

Vomiting blood (coffee-ground appearance), weight loss, and severe mid-to-upper abdominal pain are signs of PUD.

The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

A diagnostic test for active H. pylori infection, which detects urease activity.

Used to detect active H. pylori infection and evaluate treatment effectiveness.

Detects antibodies to H. pylori.Useful for identifying past infections but not for evaluating eradication.

Uses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect H. pylori in stool.

Caused by a gastrinoma, a tumor that creates excessive gastrin production.

H. pylori's urease enzyme breaks down urea into ammonia, neutralizing stomach acid and protecting bacteria.

Chronic, dull abdominal pain, epigastric tenderness, and weight loss are common symptoms of chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis can lead to malabsorption (steatorrhea) and eventual diabetes.

A pancreas-specific enzyme that can be measured in the stool to assess pancreatic function.

Indicates pancreatic insufficiency, meaning the pancreas isn't producing enough digestive enzymes.

A condition where bacteria overgrow in the small intestine.

A diagnostic test for SIBO, based on bacteria fermentation of carbohydrates.

Bacteria in the small intestine can disrupt bile acid function, leading to inadequate fat absorption.

Bacteria can use up vitamin B-12, causing a deficiency in the body.

An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, causing inflammation in the small intestine, leading to malabsorption and potential cancer if left untreated.

Alcohol-soluble fraction of gluten found in wheat, barley, and rye that triggers celiac disease.

Antibody used to diagnose celiac disease, indicating sensitivity to gluten.

Gold standard for confirming celiac disease diagnosis.

A condition where the body doesn't produce enough IgA, making celiac disease diagnosis difficult.